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Table 2 Neuropsychological test scores per domain and per testa

From: Cognitive impairments in patients with persistent symptoms attributed to Lyme disease

 

Good performance validity (n = 239)

Poor performance validity (n = 40)

mean raw score (SD)

mean z-score (SD)

cognitive decrement no. (%)

mean raw score (SD)

mean z-score (SD)

cognitive decrement no. (%)

Episodic memory

− 0.12 (0.71)

− 0.40 (0.81)

 RAVLT (immediate recall, total of trials 1–5)

45.3 (8.4)

−0.12 (0.71)

29 (12.1)

41.0 (8.5)

−0.43 (0.75)

8 (20.0)

 RAVLT (delayed recall)

9.4 (2.8)

−0.11 (0.80)

30 (12.6)

8.4 (3.3)

−0.37 (1.01)

9 (22.5)

Working memory / attention

0.11 (1.01)

−0.40 (0.86)

 Digit Span

15.4 (3.3)

0.11 (1.01)

31 (13.0)

13.5 (2.7)

−0.40 (0.86)

10 (25.0)

Language

0.02 (0.74)

−0.04 (0.84)

 Category Fluency (animals)

25.4 (5.8)

−0.03 (0.79)

25 (10.5)

24.3 (6.5)

−0.11 (0.96)

8 (20.0)

 Category Fluency (professions)

19.1 (4.8)

0.07 (0.91)

28 (11.7)

18.2 (4.3)

0.03 (0.94)

6 (15.0)

Information-processing speed

0.02 (0.72)

−0.49 (0.93)

 Trail Making Test part Ab

30.5 (11.5)

0.19 (0.84)

24 (10.0)

33.9 (12.0)

−0.01 (0.85)

6 (15.4)

 Stroop Color-Word Test (Card I)b

44.1 (8.7)

−0.10 (0.99)

46 (19.3)

48.0 (9.9)

−0.50 (1.13)

8 (21.1)

 Stroop Color-Word Test (Card II)b

58.9 (12.5)

−0.23 (1.10)

53 (22.3)

66.1 (13.9)

−0.84 (1.18)

16 (42.1)

 Symbol-Digit Substitution Test

57.6 (11.3)

0.05 (0.99)

31 (13.0)

49.5 (10.6)

−0.59 (1.10)

11 (27.5)

Executive functions

0.33 (0.68)

0.11 (0.73)

 Trail Making Test interference score (Part B/Part A)b

2.3 (0.7)

−0.13 (0.99)

45 (18.8)

2.5 (0.6)

−0.38 (0.92)

9 (23.1)

 Stroop interference score (Card III/average Card I and II)b

1.8 (0.3)

0.78 (0.71)

4 (1.7)

1.9 (0.3)

0.61 (0.86)

1 (2.6)

  1. Abbreviations: RAVLT Rey auditory verbal learning test
  2. amean standardized age, sex and education-adjusted normative z-scores (SD) are presented for the domains, mean raw scores (SD), as well as mean z-scores (SD), and percentage of subjects with a cognitive decrement (z-score < 1.0 SD below the age, sex and education-adjusted normative mean) are presented for the separate tests. Higher scores represent better cognitive performance, unless otherwise indicated
  3. bhigher scores represent worse cognitive performance