From: Cognitive impairments in patients with persistent symptoms attributed to Lyme disease
Good performance validity (n = 239) | Poor performance validity (n = 40) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mean raw score (SD) | mean z-score (SD) | cognitive decrement no. (%) | mean raw score (SD) | mean z-score (SD) | cognitive decrement no. (%) | |
Episodic memory | − 0.12 (0.71) | − 0.40 (0.81) | ||||
RAVLT (immediate recall, total of trials 1–5) | 45.3 (8.4) | −0.12 (0.71) | 29 (12.1) | 41.0 (8.5) | −0.43 (0.75) | 8 (20.0) |
RAVLT (delayed recall) | 9.4 (2.8) | −0.11 (0.80) | 30 (12.6) | 8.4 (3.3) | −0.37 (1.01) | 9 (22.5) |
Working memory / attention | 0.11 (1.01) | −0.40 (0.86) | ||||
Digit Span | 15.4 (3.3) | 0.11 (1.01) | 31 (13.0) | 13.5 (2.7) | −0.40 (0.86) | 10 (25.0) |
Language | 0.02 (0.74) | −0.04 (0.84) | ||||
Category Fluency (animals) | 25.4 (5.8) | −0.03 (0.79) | 25 (10.5) | 24.3 (6.5) | −0.11 (0.96) | 8 (20.0) |
Category Fluency (professions) | 19.1 (4.8) | 0.07 (0.91) | 28 (11.7) | 18.2 (4.3) | 0.03 (0.94) | 6 (15.0) |
Information-processing speed | 0.02 (0.72) | −0.49 (0.93) | ||||
Trail Making Test part Ab | 30.5 (11.5) | 0.19 (0.84) | 24 (10.0) | 33.9 (12.0) | −0.01 (0.85) | 6 (15.4) |
Stroop Color-Word Test (Card I)b | 44.1 (8.7) | −0.10 (0.99) | 46 (19.3) | 48.0 (9.9) | −0.50 (1.13) | 8 (21.1) |
Stroop Color-Word Test (Card II)b | 58.9 (12.5) | −0.23 (1.10) | 53 (22.3) | 66.1 (13.9) | −0.84 (1.18) | 16 (42.1) |
Symbol-Digit Substitution Test | 57.6 (11.3) | 0.05 (0.99) | 31 (13.0) | 49.5 (10.6) | −0.59 (1.10) | 11 (27.5) |
Executive functions | 0.33 (0.68) | 0.11 (0.73) | ||||
Trail Making Test interference score (Part B/Part A)b | 2.3 (0.7) | −0.13 (0.99) | 45 (18.8) | 2.5 (0.6) | −0.38 (0.92) | 9 (23.1) |
Stroop interference score (Card III/average Card I and II)b | 1.8 (0.3) | 0.78 (0.71) | 4 (1.7) | 1.9 (0.3) | 0.61 (0.86) | 1 (2.6) |