Characterization of the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Pakistan

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 3 Univariable and multivariable meta-regression models for hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence is all populations in Pakistan

		Number of studies	Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis^a
		Number of studies	OR (95% CI)	p-value	Variance explained adjusted R² (%)	AOR (95% CI)	p-value
Population classification	General population	182	1	–		1	–
	Populations at intermediate risk	75	2.1 (1.5–2.9)	< 0.001		2.0 (1.4–2.7)	< 0.001
	High-risk clinical populations	33	8.9 (5.6–14.1)	< 0.001		7.8 (4.8–12.7)	< 0.001
	Populations with liver-related conditions	80	24.4 (17.6–34.0)	< 0.001		22.3 (15.7–31.6)	< 0.001
	Special clinical populations	29	2.0 (1.2–3.3)	0.005		1.7 (1.0–2.8)	0.038
	PWID	19	24.8 (13.7–44.9)	< 0.001	51.8	23.8 (13.0–43.6)	< 0.001
Province	Punjab	133	1	–		1	–
	Azad Kashmir	3	0.3 (0.0–2.1)	0.220		0.6 (0.1–2.6)	0.532
	Balochistan	13	0.9 (0.3–2.5)	0.853		0.6 (0.3–1.2)	0.174
	F.A.T.A	2	0.1 (0.0–0.8)	0.029		0.1 (0.0–0.8)	0.028
	Islamabad Capital Territory	22	2.6 (1.2–5.8)	0.019		0.9 (0.5–1.6)	0.688
	Khyber Pakhtunkhwa	64	0.8 (0.5–1.3)	0.363		0.6 (0.4–0.9)	0.016
	Sindh	144	1.3 (0.9–2.0)	0.173		0.9 (0.7–1.2)	0.447
	Mixed/Unspecified	37	1.4 (0.8–2.8)	0.230	2.5	0.8 (0.5–1.3)	0.425
Sample size	< 100	77	1	–		1	–
Sample size	≥100	341	0.2 (0.2–0.4)	< 0.001	8.9	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	0.176
Year of data collection		418	1.0 (1.0–1.0)	0.785	0.0	–	–
Year of publication		418	1.0 (1.0–1.0)	0.779	0.0	–	–

Abbreviations: OR odds ratio, AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, PWID people who inject drugs, F.A.T.A Federally Administered Tribal Areas
^aThe adjusted R-squared for the full model was 52.4%

ISSN: 1471-2334