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Table 3 Clinical and behavioral characteristics of the study participants (N = 400)

From: Factors associated with isoniazid resistant tuberculosis among human immunodeficiency virus positive patients in Swaziland: a case-control study

Characteristics

HR-TB or PDR-TB

(n = 120)

MDR-TB

(n = 77)

DS-TB

(n = 203)

 
 

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

P-value

Case definition

   

< 0.0001*

 New

72 (60.0)

39 (50.6)

187 (92.1)

 

 Recurrence

21 (17.5)

26 (33.8)

16 (7.9)

 

 Retreatment after failure

26 (21.7)

11 (14.3)

0 (0)

 

 Retreatment after lost to follow-up

1 (0.8)

1 (1.3)

0 (0)

 

History of TB contact

41 (34.2)

24 (31.2)

52 (25.6)

0.242

Median length of time (days) from diagnosis to treatment initiation (IQR)

50 (31)

17 (57)

1 (4)

< 0.0001*

IPT exposure

12 (10.0)

4 (5.2)

16 (7.9)

0.477

On ART

120 (100)

75 (97.4)

196 (96.6)

0.129

ART started before current TB episode

78 (65.0)

45 (58.4)

89 (43.8)

0.001*

CD4 count at TB diagnosis

   

0.680

 0–200

74 (61.7)

55 (71.4)

125 (61.6)

 

  > 200–350

18 (15.0)

11 (14.3)

35 (17.2)

 

  > 350–500

16 (13.3)

5 (6.5)

21 (10.3)

 

  > 500

12 (10.0)

6 (7.8)

22 (10.8)

 

Diabetes

6 (5.0)

2 (2.6)

1 (0.5)

0.030*

TB treatment non-adherence

11 (22.4)

19 (30.6)

27 (13.3)

0.005*

ART non-adherence

26 (21.7)

17 (22.4)

26 (13.3)

0.078

Smoking Status

   

0.051

 Never

74 (61.7)

60 (77.9)

152 (74.9)

 

 Previous

29 (24.2)

13 (16.9)

35 (17.2)

 

 Current

17 (14.2)

4 (5.2)

16 (7.9)

 

Heavy alcohol drinking

   

0.046*

 Never

66 (55.0)

49 (63.6)

131 (64.5)

 

 Previous

27 (22.5)

19 (24.7)

51 (25.1)

 

 Current

27 (22.5)

9 (11.7)

21 (10.3)

 

History of imprisonment

13 (10.8)

8 (10.4)

24 (11.8)

0.930

  1. HR-TB Isoniazid mono-resistant tuberculosis, PDR-TB poly drug-resistant tuberculosis; MDR-TB multi drug-resistant tuberculosis, DS-TB drug-susceptible tuberculosis, IPT Isoniazid prophylaxis treatment, ART antiretroviral treatment, TB tuberculosis
  2. *p < 0.05