Table 1 Differences between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants at baseline
|  | Overall, n = 4816 | HIV-infected, n = 1897 | HIV-uninfected, n = 2919 | P * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yrs | ||||
 Median (IQR) | 31.0 (24–41) | 33.0 (27–41) | 28.0 (22–42) | < 0.001 |
Sex, n (%) | ||||
 Male | 2477 [51] | 964 (51) | 1513 [52] | 0.491 |
 Female | 2339 [49] | 933 (49) | 1406 [48] |  |
Marital status, n (%) | ||||
 Never married | 3738 (78) | 1535 (81) | 2203 (76) | < 0.001 |
 Currently married | 810 (17) | 265 (14) | 545 (19) |  |
 Divorce/separated/widowed | 239 (5) | 85 (5) | 154 (5) |  |
Education, n (%) | ||||
 Some high school or greater | 4148 (87) | 1614 (86) | 2534 (87) | 0.236 |
 Primary school or less | 638 (13) | 270 (14) | 368 (13) |  |
Mode of transport, n (%) | ||||
 Public transport (bus, taxi) | 2283 [48] | 877 (47) | 1406 [48] | < 0.001 |
 Private transport | 1117 [23] | 524 (28) | 593 (20) |  |
 Other | 1387 [29] | 484 (26) | 903 (31) |  |
Distance from clinic, n (%) | ||||
 Less than 5 km | 1177 [25] | 352 (19) | 825 (28) | < 0.001 |
 At least 5 km | 3610 (75) | 1533 (81) | 2077 (72) |  |
Health facility type, n (%) | ||||
 Primary health clinics | 1234 [26] | 404 (21) | 830 (28) | < 0.001 |
 Hospital outpatient departments | 3582 (74) | 1493 (79) | 2089 (72) |  |
Work hours outside home, n (%) | ||||
 None | 2697 [56] | 944 (50) | 1753 [60] | < 0.001 |
 Less than 40 h | 603 (13) | 318 (17) | 285 (10) |  |
 40 h or more | 1516 [32] | 635 (34) | 881 (30) |  |
Prior HIV testing, n (%) | ||||
 Yes | 1870 [39] | 464 (25) | 1406 [48] | < 0.001 |
 No | 2917 (61) | 1421 (75) | 1496 [52] |  |
Health care use in prior year, n (%) | ||||
 None | 715 (15) | 256 (14) | 459 (16) | 0.006 |
 1–2 times | 1499 [31] | 570 (30) | 929 (32) |  |
 3–5 times | 1732 [36] | 684 (36) | 1048 [36] |  |
  > 5 times | 841 (18) | 375 (20) | 466 (16) |  |
Visit to traditional healer in prior year, n (%) | ||||
 Yes | 1567 [33] | 708 (38) | 859 (30) | < 0.001 |
 No | 3220 (67) | 1177 (62) | 2043 (70) |  |
Social support score | ||||
 Median (IQR) | 75 (54–87) | 67 (50–83) | 75 (60–90) | < 0.001 |
Mental health score | ||||
 Median (IQR) | 64 (56–80) | 64 (56–76) | 68 (56–84) | < 0.001 |
Reported barriers to healthcare, n (%) | ||||
 Yes | 1809 [38] | 830 (44) | 979 (34) | < 0.001 |
 No | 3007 (62) | 1067 [56] | 1940 (66) |  |
Number of barriers for participants reporting barriers | ||||
 Median (IQR) | 3 (2–6) | 4 (2–6) | 3 (1–5) | < 0.001 |
Number of barrier domains for participants reporting barriers | ||||
 Median (IQR) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–4) | < 0.001 |
Gone without healthcare for basic needs, n (%) | ||||
 Yes | 920 (19) | 414 (22) | 506 (17) | < 0.001 |
 No | 3896 (81) | 1483 (78) | 2413 (83) |  |
Gone without basic needs for healthcare, n (%) | ||||
 Yes | 724 (15) | 323 (17) | 401 (14) | 0.002 |
 No | 4092 (85) | 1574 (83) | 2518 (86) |  |