Fig. 7

Impact of VAP caused by different pathogens on hospital LoS, duration of MV, and all-cause mortality. a: Subjects with no bacteria recovered or only NRF in the ETA. 5 patients with insufficient ETA coverage during VAP, and 3 patients colonized with bacterial pathogens outside of VAP-relevant period, are excluded; b: subjects with any pathogenic species in the ETA; c: subjects positive for S. aureus in ETA, monomicrobial only; d: subjects positive for Gram-negative species in ETA, monomicrobial only. Geometric mean +/− 95% confidence interval is shown. Significance, calculated by two-tailed unpaired t-test (hospital LoS, MV duration) or with Fisher’s exact test (mortality) is indicated when p-value is < 0.05. *1 patient excluded since MV start date was not recorded