Incidence of tuberculosis among HIV infected individuals on long term antiretroviral therapy in private healthcare sector in Pune, Western India

Table 4 Cox Proportional Hazard Model for identifying risk factors for incident TB

Characteristics	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Characteristics	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Age > 40 years (Ref: ≤ 40 years)	1.07 (0.794, 1.432)	0.668	1.01 (0.746, 1.375)	0.935
Male (Ref: Female)	1.36 (0.978, 1.877)	0.068	0.96 (0.616, 1.495)	0.855
Ever Tobacco user (Ref: not used tobacco)	1.90 (1.413, 2.560)	< 0.0001	1.08 (0.737, 1.584)	0.690
Ever consumed Alcohol (Ref: not consume alcohol)	1.39 (1.036, 1.866)	0.028	1.10 (0.770, 1.572)	0.599
History of baseline prevalent TB (Ref: No baseline prevalent TB)	1.23 (0.909, 1.656)	0.181
Haemoglobin at baseline ≤10 g/dl (n = 1592)(Ref: > 10 g/dl)^a	1.80 (1.290, 2.504)	0.001
Virologic failure on ART (VF)(Ref: Virologic success (VS))	9.51 (7.078, 12.786)	< 0.0001	3.05 (2.094, 4.454)	< 0.0001
ART alone (Ref: ART plus IPT)	12.71 (5.217, 30.943)	< 0.0001	8.24 (3.358, 20.204)	< 0.0001
Pre ART CD4+ ≤ 200 cells/mm3(Ref: > 200 cells/mm3)	1.87 (1.326, 2.647)	< 0.0001	1.18 (0.816, 1.714)	0.377
Pre ART CD4+ (Ref: > 500 cells/mm3)
≤ 50	6.87 (0.937, 50.321)	0.058
51–200	6.60 (0.921, 47.370)	0.060
201–500	3.79 (0.521, 27.596)	0.188
Current/updated CD4+ (Ref: > 500 cells/mm3)
≤ 200	17.60 (10.783, 28.716)	< 0.0001	6.62 (3.678, 11.915)	< 0.0001
201–350	4.19 (2.401, 7.313)	< 0.0001	3.22 (1.808, 5.746)	< 0.0001
351–500	2.43 (1.297, 4.555)	< 0.0001	2.05 (1.083, 3.888)	0.027

ART antiretroviral therapy, IPT isoniazid preventive therapy, TB tuberculosis
^aHemoglobin data is not available for 312 patients, hence excluded from the multivariate analysis

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