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Table 2 Univariate (Unadjusted) Associations with VRE infection: VRE Positive Compared to VRE Negative, Gram Negative, and VRE Negative, Sterile

From: VRE in cirrhotic patients

Variable

VRE Positive (n = 65)

VRE Negative, Gram Negative (n = 80)

OR (95% CI)

p-value

VRE Negative, Sterile (n = 306)

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Age

  < 47

17 (26.1%)

15 (18.8%)

1.0

0.56

52 (17.0%)

1.0

0.30

 47–53

10 (15.4%)

12 (15.0%)

0.74 (0.25, 2.19)

 

61 (19.9%)

0.50 (0.21, 1.19)

 

 54–60

18 (27.7%)

20 (25.0%)

0.79 (0.31, 2.04)

 

78 (25.5%)

0.71 (0.33, 1.49)

 

  ≥ 60

20 (30.8%)

33 (41.2%)

0.53 (0.22, 1.30)

 

115 (37.6%)

0.53 (0.26, 1.10)

 

Sex

 Male

24 (36.9%)

43 (53.7%)

1.0

 

205 (67.0%)

1.0

 

 Female

41 (63.1%)

37 (46.3%)

1.99 (1.02, 3.87)

0.04

101 (33.0%)

3.47 (1.99, 6.05)

< 0.001

Hispanic

 No

24 (36.9%)

33 (41.2%)

1.0

 

161 (52.6%)

1.0

 

 Yes

41 (63.1%)

47 (58.8%)

1.20 (0.61, 2.35)

0.60

145 (47.4%)

1.90 (1.09, 3.29)

0.02

Albumin

  < 2.5

12 (18.5%)

21 (26.9%)

1.0

 

67 (22.0%)

1.0

 

 2.5 or higher

53 (81.5%)

57 (73.1%)

1.63 (0.73, 3.63)

0.23

237 (78.0%)

1.25 (0.63, 2.47)

0.52

Neutropeniaa

  < 900

1 (1.5%)

1 (1.2%)

1.0

 

1 (0.3%)

1.0

 

 900 or higher

64 (98.5%)

79 (98.8%)

0.81 (0.05, 13.21)

0.32

303 (99.7%)

0.21 (0.01, 3.42)

0.32

Child Pugh Score

 A

1 (1.5%)

9 (11.3%)

1.0

0.004

27 (8.8%)

1.0

< 0.001

 B

14 (21.5%)

28 (35.0%)

4.50 (0.52, 39.15)

 

127 (41.5%)

2.98 (0.38, 23.61)

 

 C

50 (76.9%)

43 (53.7%0

10.47 (1.27, 85.96)

 

152 (49.7%)

8.88 (1.18, 67.04)

 

Child Pugh Score (dichotomized)

 A or B

15 (23.1%)

37 (46.2%)

0.35 (0.17, 0.72)

0.003

154 (50.3%)

0.30 (0.16, 0.55)

< 0.001

 C

50 (76.9%)

43 (53.8%)

1.0

 

152 (49.7%)

1.0

 

MELD Scoreb

  ≤ 20

24 (36.9%)

46 (57.5%)

1.0

0.036

182 (59.9%)

1.0

0.0015

 21–30

22 (33.9%)

21 (26.2%)

2.01 (0.92, 4.36)

 

22 (27.2%)

2.11 (1.12, 3.99)

 

  ≥ 31

19 (29.2%)

13 (16.3%)

2.80 (1.18, 6.63)

 

13 (16.0%)

3.35 (1.68, 6.66)

 

Diabetes Mellitus

       

 No

46 (70.8%)

51 (63.8%)

1.0

 

212 (69.3%)

1.0

 

 Yes

19 (29.2%)

29 (36.2%)

0.73 (0.36, 1.47)

0.37

94 (30.7%)

0.93 (0.52, 1.68)

0.81

Ascites

       

 No

5 (7.7%)

33 (41.3%)

1.0

 

91 (29.7%)

1.0

 

 Yes

60 (92.3%)

47 (58.7%)

8.43 (3.05, 23.25)

< 0.001

215 (70.3%)

5.08 (1.97, 13.06)

< 0.001

History of GI Bleed

       

 No

45 (69.2%)

58 (70.0%)

1.0

 

223 (72.9%)

1.0

 

 Yes

20 (30.8%)

24 (30.0%)

1.04 (0.51, 2.11)

0.92

83 (27.1%)

1.19 (0.67, 2.14)

0.55

History of SBP

 No

53 (81.5%)

70 (87.5%)

1.0

 

283 (92.8%)

1.0

 

 Yes

12 (18.5%)

10 (12.5%)

1.58 (0.64, 3.95)

0.32

22 (7.2%)

2.91 (1.36, 6.24)

0.009

Dialysis

 None

48 (73.9%)

69 (86.2%)

1.0

0.007

268 (87.6%)

1.0

< 0.001

 PD

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

–

 

1 (0.3%)

–

 

 HD

8 (12.3%)

10 (12.5%)

1.15 (0.42, 3.13)

 

35 (11.4%)

1.28 (0.56, 2.92)

 

 CRRT

9 (13.8%)

1 (1.3%)

12.94 (1.59, 105.50)

 

2 (0.7%)

25.12 (5.27, 119.88)

 

Any Dialysis

 No

48 (73.8%)

69 (86.3%)

1.0

 

268 (87.6%)

1.0

 

 Yes

17 (26.2%)

11 (13.7%0

2.22 (0.96, 5.16)

0.06

38 (12.4%)

2.50 (1.31, 4.78)

0.008

WBC

  < 4.2

10 (15.4%)

24 (30.0%)

1.0

0.09

81 (26.6%)

1.0

0.06

 4.2–5.7

12 (18.5%)

19 (23.7%)

1.52 (0.54, 4.26)

 

77 (25.2%)

1.26 (0.52, 3.09)

 

 5.8–8.0

21 (32.3%)

19 (23.8%)

2.65 (1.01, 6.96)

 

65 (21.3%)

2.62 (1.15, 5.95)

 

  ≥ 8.1

22 (33.8%)

18 (22.5%)

2.93 (1.12, 7.70)

 

82 (26.9%)

2.17 (0.97, 4.88)

 

Creatinineb

  < 1.5

38 (58.5%)

58 (72.5%)

1.0

 

208 (68.2%)

1.0

 

  ≥ 1.5

27 (41.5%)

22 (27.5%)

1.87 (0.93, 3.76)

0.08

97 (31.8%)

1.52 (0.88, 2.64)

0.14

SBP Prophylaxis

 None

44 (67.7%)

65 (81.2%)

1.0

0.13

253 (82.7%)

1.0

0.034

 TMP/SMX

6 (9.2%)

7 (8.8%)

1.27 (0.40, 4.02)

 

22 (7.2%)

1.57 (0.60, 4.09)

 

 Fluoroquinolone

14 (21.5%)

8 (10.0%)

2.59 (1.00, 6.68)

 

31 (10.1%)

2.60 (1.28, 5.27)

 

 Other

1 (1.5%)

0

–

 

0

–

 

Any SBP Prophylaxisc

 No

44 (67.7%)

65 (81.2%)

1.0

 

253 (82.7%)

1.0

 

 Yes

21 (32.3%)

15 (18.8%)

2.07 (0.96, 4.45)

0.06

53 (17.3%)

2.28 (1.25, 4.14)

0.009

Rifaximin

 No

39 (60.0%)

55 (68.7%)

1.0

 

229 (74.8%)

1.0

 

 Yes

26 (40.0%)

25 (31.3%)

1.47 (0.74, 2.91)

0.27

77 (25.2%)

1.98 (1.13, 3.47)

0.02

Neomycin

 No

61 (93.8%)

73 (92.4%)

1.0

 

294 (96.1%)

1.0

 

 Yes

4 (6.2%)

6 (7.6%)

0.80 (0.22, 2.96)

0.73

12 (3.9%)

1.61 (0.50, 5.15)

0.44

Any Antibioticd

 No

27 (41.5%)

40 (50.0%)

1.0

 

188 (61.4%)

1.0

 

 Yes

38 (58.5%)

40 (50.0%)

1.41 (0.73, 2.72)

0.31

118 (38.6%)

2.24 (1.30, 3.86)

0.003

Etiology

 ETOH

19 (29.2%)

26 (32.5%)

1.0

0.90

106 (34.6%)

1.0

0.21

 Hep B/C

23 (35.4%)

28 (35.0%)

1.12 (0.50, 2.52)

 

125 (40.9%)

1.03 (0.53, 1.99)

 

 Other

23 (35.4%)

26 (32.5%)

1.21 (0.54, 2.74)

 

75 (24.5%)

1.71 (0.87, 3.36)

 
  1. aNeutropenia comparison to VRE negative, gram negative: p-value by exact logistic regression
  2. bMissing in 1 VRE negative, sterile subject
  3. cIncludes TMP/SMX, fluoroquinolone, other prophylactic treatment
  4. dIncludes SBP prophylaxis, rifaximin, neomycin
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