Table 1 Baseline characteristics
| Â | AP | CAP | Con | Â |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 22) | (n = 20) | (n = 20) | ||
Age, mean±standard deviation (years) | 84.7 ± 6.1 | 81.3 ± 7.4 | 73.6 ± 8.5 | AP vs CAP NS |
AP vs Con and | ||||
CAP vs Con p <0.001 | ||||
Male, number (%) | 11 (50) | 16 (80) | 14 (70) | Â |
Underling Disease (%) | ||||
 cerebrovascular disease | 13 (59.0) | 0 | 0 |  |
 swallowing disorder | 9 (27.3) | 0 | 0 |  |
 chronic neurological disease | 2 (9.1) | 0 | 0 |  |
 dementia | 8 (36.4) | 0 | 0 |  |
 diabetes mellitus | 3 (13.6) | 3 (15.0) | 5 (25.0) |  |
 COPD | 3 (13.6) | 7 (35.0) | 7 (35.0) |  |