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Table 4 Risk factors for death, hospitalization, and intensive-care unit (ICU) admission in influenza infected women 15–45 years old in the secondary and sensitivity analyses

From: Pregnancy as a risk factor for severe influenza infection: an individual participant data meta-analysis

 

Death

Hospital admission

ICU admission

Variable

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Obesity

1.72 (1.17–2. 52)

0.005

1.49 (1.15–1.93)

0.002

2.93 (1.99–4.31)

< 0.001

Smoking

1.84 (1.04–3.25)

0.036

0.93 (0.71–1.22)

0.60

1.56 (0.81–3.00)

0.18

Chronic respiratory

0.92 (0.61–1.37)

0.67

2.30 (1.92–2.75)

< 0.001

1.20 (0.96–1.49)

0.10

Sensitivity Analysis

 Pregnancy (core modelj)

1.00 (0.75–1.34)

1.00

6.80 (6.02–7.68)

< 0.001

0.57 (0.48–0.69)

< 0.001

 Pregnancy (core model including obesity)

0.99 (0.71–1.38)a

0.93

6.83 (6.05–7.71) d

< 0.001

0.91 (0.66–1.25)g

0.56

 Pregnancy (core model including Smoking)

1.62 (1.03–2.56) b

0.038

7.86 (6.94–8.90) e

< 0.001

0.59 (0.35–0.99) h

0.047

 Pregnancy (core model including chronic respiratory)

0.99 (0.74–1.32)c

0.93

6.40 (5.58–7.33) f

< 0.001

0.57 (0.47–0.68) i

< 0.001

  1. a18542, 21 studies, b23064, 7 studies, c26948, 23 studies
  2. d17505, 7 studies, e22846, 4 studies, f23438, 6 studies
  3. g 2087, 20 studies, h1069, 11 studies, i5683, 23 studies
  4. jVariables included in the core model were age, antiviral use, vaccination (with the exception of ICU admission), cardio-respiratory illness, diabetes, and immunosuppression
  5. All variables and figures in bold are indeed statistically significant