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Table 3 Risk factors for death, hospitalization, and ICU admission in influenza infected women 15–45 years old (core model)

From: Pregnancy as a risk factor for severe influenza infection: an individual participant data meta-analysis

Variable

Univariate analysis

Multivariable analysisd

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Cases (studies) included

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Deatha

 Age (per 5-year increase)

1.24 (1.19–1.29)

< 0.001

35,591 (32)

1.19 (1.12–1.26)

< 0.001

 Pregnancy

0.66 (0.54–0.81)

< 0.001

35,591 (32)

1.00 (0.75–1.34)

0.99

 Antiviral (yes)

0.77 (0.63–0.96)

0.017

32,652 (31)

0.67 (0.49–0.90)

0.009

 Vaccination

0.50 (0.32–0.78)

0.002

31,342 (26)

0.41 (0.25–0.68)

< 0.001

 Cardio-respiratory

1.41 (1.11–1.81)

0.006

32,167 (31)

1.30 (0.93–1.81)

0.12

 Diabetes mellitus

2.06 (1.54–2.75)

< 0.001

32,442 (31)

1.67 (1.10–2.51)

0.015

 Immunosuppressione

2.37 (1.77–3.18)

< 0.001

31,995 (29)

2.35 (1.56–3.55)

< 0.001

Hospitalizationb

 Age (per 5-year increase)

1.08 (1.06–1.10)

< 0.001

27,972 (9)

1.12 (1.09–1.15)

< 0.001

 Pregnancy

5.33 (4.79–5.94)

< 0.001

27,972 (9)

6.80 (6.02–7.68)

< 0.001

 Antiviral (yes)

0.96 (0.86–1.07)

0.45

25,814 (9)

1.01 (0.89–1.14)

0.89

 Vaccination

0.88 (0.75–1.03)

0.11

27,225 (8)

0.91 (0.76–1.09)

0.31

 Cardio-respiratory

2.24 (1.91–2.62)

< 0.001

26,227 (9)

2.28 (1.91–2.73)

< 0.001

 Diabetes

1.00 (0.78–1.29)

0.99

25,185 (8)

0.92 (0.69–1.23)

0.59

 Immunosuppressione

1.16 (0.82–1.65)

0.41

25,214 (9)

1.05 (0.69–1.60)

0.83

ICUc Admissionc

 Age (per 5-year increase)

1.16 (1.13–1.20)

< 0.001

8836 (26)

1.07 (1.03–1.11)

0.003

 Pregnancy

0.65 (0.57–0.74)

< 0.001

8836 (26)

0.57 (0.48–0.69)

< 0.001

 Antiviral (yes)

1.73 (1.48–2.01)

< 0.001

7769 (26)

1.96 (1.63–2.35)

< 0.001

 Cardio-respiratory

1.39 (1.19–1.63)

< 0.001

7152 (26)

1.22 (1.01–1.48)

0.043

 Diabetes

1.81 (1.48–2.21)

< 0.001

8019 (26)

1.58 (1.26–1.99)

< 0.001

 Immunosuppressione

1.45 (1.18–1.78)

< 0.001

7516 (24)

1.09 (0.86–1.39)

0.48

  1. aMultivariable participants count: 26964, 24 studies, bMultivariable participants count: 23450, 7 studies, cMultivariable participants count: 5766, 24 studies
  2. dAll variables listed were included in each of the three (death, hospitalization, or ICU admission) multivariable models
  3. e‘Immunosuppression’ includes participants with HIV positivity
  4. All variables and figures in bold are indeed statistically significant