From: Treatment outcomes and risk factors of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with co-morbidities
Variables | Univariate analysis | P-value | Multivariate analysis | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |||
Gender | ||||
 Male | 0.75 (0.66 to 0.86) | <  0.001 | 0.65 (0.57 to 0.75) | <  0.001 |
 Female | 1.31 (1.16 to 1.49) |  | 1.52 (1.31 to 1.74) |  |
Age (years) | ||||
 ≤ 15 | 1.115 (0.78 to 1.58) | 0.541 |  |  |
 16–25 | 1.11 (0.95 to 1.31) | 0.170 |  |  |
 26–35 | 0.90 (0.77 to 1.05) | 0.198 | ----------------------- | ------- |
 36–45 | 0.96 (0.82 to 1.12) | 0.604 |  |  |
 46–55 | 1.02 (0.87 to 1.20) | 0.741 |  |  |
 56–65 | 0.94 (0.79 to 1.13) | 0.566 |  |  |
 ≥ 66 | 1.06 (0.87 to 1.28) | 0.546 |  |  |
Ethnicity | ||||
 Malay | 1.33 (1.16 to 1.51) | <  0.001 | 1.25 (1.05 to 1.48) | 0.010 |
 Chinese | 1.02 (0.89 to 1.17) | 0.740 | --------------------- | ------- |
 Indian | 1.58 (1.28 to 1.94) | <  0.001 | 1.45 (1.14 to 1.84) | 0.002 |
 Immigrants Indonesian | 0.72 (0.55 to 0.94) | 0.018 | 0.76 (0.56 to 1.02) | 0.069 |
 Immigrants Philippines | 0.65 (0.47 to 0.89) | 0.008 | 0.77 (0.55 to 1.09) | 0.144 |
 Sarawakian | 0.61 (0.48 to 0.77) | <  0.001 | 0.76 (0.58 to 0.99) | 0.046 |
 Sabahian | 0.80 (0.68 to 0.94) | 0.009 | 0.91 (0.74 to 1.12) | 0.388 |
 Others | 1.63 (1.08 to 2.46) | 0.019 | 1.51 (0.97 to 2.35) | 0.064 |
Residence | ||||
 Urban | 1.17 (1.03 to 1.33) | 0.015 | 1.27 (1.10 to 1.45) | 0.001 |
 Rural | 0.85 (0.75 to 0.97) |  | 0.78 (0.68 to 0.90) |  |
Patient category | ||||
 Unknown | 0.30 (0.20 to 0.46) | <  0.001 | 0.21 (0.12 to 0.35) | <  0.001 |
 New | 1.92 (1.53 to 2.40) | <  0.001 | 1.57 (1.20 to 2.05) | 0.001 |
 Relapse | 0.73 (0.56 to 0.94) | 0.017 | 4.65 (2.80 to 7.73) | <  0.001 |
Co-morbidity | ||||
 Only TB | 0.73 (0.65 to 0.83) | <  0.001 | 0.89 (0.68 to 1.16) | 0.406 |
 TB-DM | 0.66 (0.56 to 0.78) | <  0.001 | 0.67 (0.50 to 0.91) | 0.011 |
 TB-HIV | 2.35 (1.97 to 2.80) | <  0.001 | 3.21 (2.34 to 4.40) | <  0.001 |
 TB-Hep | 0.99 (0.75 to 1.31) | 0.990 | --------------------- | ------- |
 TB-DM-HIV | 3.33 (1.34 to 8.27) | 0.009 | 4.36 (1.65 to 11.47) | 0.003 |
 TB-DM-Hep | 1.30 (0.68 to 2.50) | 0.419 | ---------------------- | ------- |
 TB-HIV-Hep | 3.01 (2.30 to 3.95) | <  0.001 | 4.08 (2.78 to 5.98) | <  0.001 |
Smoking habit | ||||
 Ex-smoker | 1.54 (1.28 to 1.84) | <  0.001 | 1.53 (1.26 to 1.87) | <  0.001 |
 No | 0.96 (0.85 to 1.09) | 0.599 | ---------------------- | ------- |
 Yes | 0.85 (0.75 to 0.97) | 0.017 | 0.78 (0.67 to 0.91) | 0.001 |
Drinking Habit | ||||
 Unknown | 0.73 (0.40 to 1.33) | 0.314 |  |  |
 No | 0.95 (0.78 to 1.15) | 0.623 | ----------------------- | ------- |
 Yes | 1.10 (0.89 to 1.35) | 0.356 |  |  |
IVDUa | ||||
 Unknown | 1.60 (1.01 to 2.53) | 0.044 | 1.16 (0.67 to 2.01) | 0.578 |
 No | 0.75 (0.61 to 0.94) | 0.012 | 0.93 (0.71 to 1.22) | 0.624 |
 Yes | 1.24 (0.98 to 1.58) | 0.071 | ---------------------- | -------- |
Marital status | ||||
 Unknown | 2.68 (1.63 to 4.42) | <  0.001 | 2.75 (1.61 to 4.71) | <  0.001 |
 Married | 1.18 (1.03 to 1.34) | 0.013 | 1.19 (1.03 to 1.38) | 0.014 |
 Unmarried | 0.80 (0.70 to 0.91) | 0.001 | 0.36 (0.21 to 0.62) | <  0.001 |
Education | ||||
 Unknown | 0.87 (0.76 to 0.99) | 0.041 | 0.95 (0.80 to 1.13) | 0.603 |
 Primary | 0.90 (0.73 to 1.10) | 0.319 | ---------------------- | -------- |
 Secondary | 1.23 (0.97 to 1.57) | 0.081 | ---------------------- | -------- |
 College | 0.89 (0.64 to 1.24) | 0.499 | ---------------------- | -------- |
 University | 1.10 (0.52 to 2.34) | 0.790 | ---------------------- | -------- |
 Diploma | 1.43 (0.88 to 2.33) | 0.146 | ---------------------- | -------- |
 No formal education | 1.55 (1.21 to 2.00) | 0.001 | 1.36 (1.01 to 1.82) | 0.037 |
Employment status | ||||
 Unknown | 1.17 (0.99 to 1.39) | 0.057 |  |  |
 Employed | 1.06 (0.92 to 1.21) | 0.377 | ---------------------- | -------- |
 Unemployed | 0.87 (0.77 to 0.99) | 0.033 |  |  |