From: Treatment outcomes and risk factors of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with co-morbidities
Variables | Total n = 1222 (%) | Lymph node n = 324 (%) | Pleural effusion n = 227 (%) | Meningitis n = 122 (%) | Miliary n = 113 (%) | Bones n = 116 (%) | Gastro-intestinal n = 105 (%) | Spinal n = 93 (%) | Others n = 122 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||||||
 Male | 778(63.7) | 214 (27.5) | 155 (19.9) | 75 (9.6) | 83 (10.7) | 72 (9.3) | 55 (7.1) | 61 (7.8) | 63 (8.1) |
 Female | 444 (36.3) | 110 (24.8) | 72 (16.2) | 47 (10.6) | 30 (6.8) | 44 (9.9) | 50 (11.3) | 32 (7.2) | 59 (13.3) |
Age (years) | |||||||||
 ≤ 15 | 55 (4.5) | 14 (25.5) | 7 (12.7) | 7 (12.7) | 2 (3.6) | 0 | 11 (20) | 4 (7.3) | 10 (18.2) |
 16–25 | 177 (14.5) | 50 (28.2) | 28 (15.8) | 13 (7.3) | 13 (7.3) | 21 (11.9) | 26 (14.7) | 4 (2.3) | 22 (12.4) |
 26–35 | 296 (24.2) | 118 (39.9) | 33 (11.1) | 28 (9.5) | 30 (10.1) | 34 (11.5) | 17 (5.7) | 10 (3.4) | 26 (8.8) |
 36–45 | 224 (18.3) | 54 (24.1) | 42 (18.8) | 25 (11.2) | 21 (9.4) | 23 (10.3) | 16 (7.1) | 28 (12.5) | 15 (6.7) |
 46–55 | 233 (19.1) | 46 (19.7) | 47 (20.2) | 20 (8.6) | 23 (9.9) | 23 (9.9) | 24 (10.3) | 27 (11.6) | 23 (9.9) |
 56–65 | 170 (13.9) | 36 (21.2) | 46 (27.1) | 23 (13.5) | 15 (8.8) | 11 (6.5) | 9 (5.3) | 14 (8.2) | 16 (9.4) |
 ≥ 66 | 67 (5.5) | 6 (9) | 24 (35.8) | 6 (9) | 9 (13.4) | 4 (6) | 2 (3) | 6 (9) | 10 (14.9) |
Race | |||||||||
 Malay | 389(31.8) | 132 (33.9) | 62 (15.9) | 26 (6.7) | 34 (8.7) | 39 (10) | 31 (8) | 31 ((8) | 34 (8.7) |
 Chinese | 292 (23.9) | 78 (26.7) | 61 (20.9) | 26 (8.9) | 26 (8.9) | 29 (9.9) | 24 (8.2) | 23 (7.9) | 25 (8.6) |
 Indian | 128 (10.5) | 34 (26.6) | 30 (23.4) | 6 (4.7) | 16 (12.5) | 10 (7.8) | 12 (9.4) | 10 (7.8) | 10 (7.8) |
 Immigrants Indonesian | 63 (5.2) | 13 (20.6) | 16 (25.4) | 7 (11.1) | 7 (11.1) | 7 (11.1) | 5 (7.9) | 4 (6.3) | 4 (6.3) |
 Immigrants Philippines | 45 (3.7) | 4 (8.9) | 6 (13.3) | 11 (24.4) | 2 (4.4) | 2 (4.4) | 8 (17.8) | 3 (6.7) | 9 (14.3) |
 Sarawakian | 87 (7.1) | 15 (17.2) | 25 (28.7) | 3 (3.4) | 2 (2.3) | 12 (13.8) | 2 (2.3) | 7 (8) | 21 (24) |
 Sabahian | 189 (15.5) | 36 (19) | 18 (9.5) | 42 (22.2) | 26 (13.8) | 16 (8.5) | 21 (11.1) | 13 (6.9) | 17 (9) |
 Others | 29 (2.4) | 12 (41.4) | 9 (31) | 1 (3.4) | 0 | 1 (3.4) | 2 (6.9) | 2 (6.9) | 2 (6.9) |
Residence | |||||||||
 Urban | 819 (67) | 194 (23.7) | 177 (21.6) | 77 (9.4) | 66 (8.1) | 81 (10) | 75 (9.2) | 56 (6.8) | 93 (11.4) |
 Rural | 403 (33) | 130 (32.3) | 50 (12.4) | 45 (11.2) | 47 (11.7) | 35 (8.7) | 30 (7.4) | 37 (9.2) | 29 (7.2) |
Patient category | |||||||||
 Unknown | 23 (1.9) | 5 (21.7) | 7 (30.4) | 0 | 4 (17.4) | 3 (13) | 0 | 1 (4.3) | 3 (13) |
 New | 1131 (92.6) | 304 (26.9) | 206 (18.2) | 115 (10.2) | 103 (9.1) | 110 (9.7) | 95 (8.4) | 86 (7.6) | 112 (9.9) |
 Relapse | 68 (5.6) | 15 (22.1) | 14 (20.6) | 7 (10.3) | 6 (8.8) | 3 (4.4) | 10 (14.7) | 6 (8.8) | 7 (10.3) |
Co-morbidity | |||||||||
 Only TB | 697 (57) | 165 (23.7) | 111 (15.9) | 70 (10) | 75 (10.8) | 74 (10.6) | 68 (9.8) | 50 (7.2) | 84 (12.1) |
 TB-DM | 180 (14.7) | 40 (22.2) | 61 (33.9) | 16 (8.9) | 7 (3.9) | 10 (5.6) | 17 (9.4) | 13 (7.2) | 16 (8.9) |
 TB-HIV | 188 (15.4) | 70 (37.2) | 22 (11.7) | 20 (10.6) | 18 (9.6) | 23 (12.2) | 11 (5.9) | 9 (4.8) | 15 (8) |
 TB-Hep | 60 (4.9) | 9 (15) | 16 (26.7) | 6 (10) | 4 (4.7) | 3 (5) | 3 (5) | 15 (25) | 4 (4.7) |
 TB-DM-HIV | 7 (0.6) | 3 (42.9) | 2 (28.6) | 1 (14.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (14.3) |
 TB-DM-Hep | 11 (0.9) | 1 (9.1) | 2 (18.2) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (9.1) | 0 | 4 (36.4) | 1 (9.1) | 0 |
 TB-HIV-Hep | 79 (6.5) | 36 (45.6) | 13 (16.5) | 7 (8.9) | 8 (10.1) | 6 (7.6) | 2 (2.5) | 5 (6.3)0 | 2 (2.5) |
Smoking habit | |||||||||
 Ex-smoker | 166 (13.6) | 28 (16.9) | 33 (19.9) | 12 (7.2) | 24 (14.5) | 12 (7.2) | 27 (16.3) | 7 (4.2) | 23 (13.9) |
 No | 647 (52.9) | 180 (27.8) | 114 (17.6) | 62 (9.6) | 57 (8.8) | 56 (8.7) | 58 (7) | 50 (7.7) | 70 (10.8) |
 Yes | 409 (33.5) | 116 (28.4) | 80 (19.6) | 48 (11.7) | 32 (7.8) | 48 (11.7) | 20 (4.9) | 36 (8.8) | 29 (7.1) |
Drinking Habit | |||||||||
 Unknown | 12 (1) | 2 (16.7) | 2 (16.7) | 2 (16.7) | 0 | 0 | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 4 (33.3) |
 No | 1094 (89.5) | 291 (26.6) | 207 (18.9) | 110 (10.1) | 96 (8.8) | 105 (9.6) | 97 (8.9) | 78 (7.1) | 110 (10.1) |
 Yes | 116 (9.5) | 31 (26.7) | 18 (15.5) | 10 (8.6) | 17 (14.7) | 11 (9.5) | 7 (6) | 14 (12.1) | 8 (6.9) |
IVDUa | |||||||||
 Unknown | 23 (1.9) | 7 (30.4) | 7 (30.4) | 1 (4.3) | 3 (13) | 1 (4.3) | 2 (8.7) | 1 (4.3) | 1 (4.3) |
 No | 1113 (91) | 301 (27) | 205 (18.4) | 105 (9.4) | 100 (9) | 111 (10) | 96 (8.6) | 86 (7.8) | 109 (9.8) |
 Yes | 86 (7.1) | 16 (18.6) | 15 (17.4) | 16 (18.6) | 10 (11.6) | 4 (4.7) | 7 (8.1) | 6 (7) | 12 (14) |
Marital status | |||||||||
 Unknown | 22 (1.8) | 4 (18.2) | 6 (27.3) | 2 (9.1) | 5 (22.7) | 2 (9.1) | 0 | 0 | 3 (13.6) |
 Married | 539 (44.1) | 99 (26.9) | 72 (19.6) | 35 (9.5) | 46 (12.5) | 32 (8.7) | 35 (9.5) | 17 (4.6) | 32 (8.7) |
 Unmarried | 832 (68.1) | 221 (26.6) | 149 (17.9) | 85 (10.2) | 62 (7.5) | 82 (9.9) | 70 (8.4) | 76 (9.1) | 87 (10.5) |
Education | |||||||||
 Unknown | 876 (71.7) | 224 (25.6) | 162 (18.5) | 97 (11.1) | 84 (9.6) | 78 (8.9) | 80 (9.1) | 63 (7.2) | 88 (10) |
 Primary | 111 (9.1) | 40 (36) | 13 (11.7) | 7 (6.3) | 9 (8.1) | 13 (11.7) | 8 (7.2) | 7 (6.3) | 14 (12.6) |
 Secondary | 84 (6.9) | 17 (20.2) | 22 (26.2) | 8 (9.5) | 6 (7.1) | 8 (9.5) | 10 (11.9) | 5 (6) | 8 (9.5) |
 College | 42 (3.4) | 23 (54.8) | 7 (16.7) | 0 | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.4) | 2 (4.8) | 5 (11.9) | 3 (7.1) |
 University | 8 (0.7) | 1 (12.5) | 3 (37.5) | 0 | 1 (12.5) | 0 | 0 | 1 (12.5) | 2 (25) |
 Diploma | 20 (1.6) | 5 (25 | 1 (5) | 0 | 0 | 10 (50) | 1 (5) | 3 (15) | 0 |
 No formal education | 81 (6.6) | 14 (17.3) | 19 (23.5) | 10 (12.3) | 12 (14.8) | 6 (7.4) | 4 (4.9) | 9 (11.1) | 7 (8.6) |
Employment status | |||||||||
 Unknown | 188 (15.4) | 54 (28.7) | 28 (14.9) | 9 (4.8) | 22 (11.7) | 15 (8) | 16 (8.5) | 33 (17.6) | 11 (5.9) |
 Employed | 342 (28) | 104 (30.4) | 67 (19.6) | 30 (8.8) | 25 (7.3) | 42 (12.3) | 22 (6.4) | 26 (7.6) | 26 (7.6) |
 Unemployed | 692 (56.6) | 166 (24) | 132 (19.1) | 83 (12) | 66 (9.5) | 59 (8.5) | 67 (9.7) | 34 (4.9) | 85 (12.3) |