|
Aisyah, 2018 [48]
|
UK
|
2011–2013
|
Vulnerable populations in London
|
–
|
1207
|
11.40 (–)
|
Low risk
|
|
Hope, 2016 [49]
|
UK
|
1992–2013
|
Image and performance-enhancing drugs injectors in England and Wales
|
–
|
343
|
7.90 (–)
|
Low risk
|
|
Hope, 2015 [50]
|
UK
|
Since 1990
|
PWID from needle and syringe, opiate substitution treatment except for Scotland
|
–
|
123
|
41.70 (–)
|
Low risk
|
|
Valencia, 2018 [51]
|
Spain
|
January 2013–December 2016
|
PWUD who actively consumed heroin and/or cocaine, either smoked or injected
|
41.3(8.50)
|
946
|
33.30 (–)
|
High risk
|
|
Folch, 2016 [52]
|
Spain
|
2010–2011
|
PWID in harm reduction centres in Catalonia
|
–
|
754
|
72.00 (68.8–75.2)
|
Low risk
|
|
Leon, 2016 [53]
|
France
|
2004 and 2011
|
IDU
|
–
|
1242
|
43.40 (39.00–47.90)
|
Low risk
|
|
Weill-Barillet, 2016 [54]
|
France
|
2011
|
Drug users having injected or snorted drugs at least once in their life
|
39.0(−)
|
960
|
64.00 (59.20–68.20)
|
Low risk
|
|
Sypasa, 2017 [55]
|
Greece
|
2012–2013
|
During an HIV outbreak among PWID in Athens
|
–
|
431
|
49.90 (45.00–54.70)
|
High risk
|
|
Sheka, 2014 [56]
|
Greece
|
January 1997–December 2007
|
Intravenous drug users who attended the Greek Organisation against Drugs
|
–
|
2668
|
72.20 (–)
|
High risk
|
|
Derks, 2018 [57]
|
Germany
|
2011–2014
|
Current injectors in 8 German cities
|
–
|
1318
|
64.60 (–)
|
Low risk
|
|
Tarjan, 2017 [58]
|
Hungary
|
2011 and 2014
|
PWID injecting in the last month and attending SEPs or drug treatment centres
|
–
|
365
|
65.00 (–)
|
Low risk
|
|
Handanagic, 2016 [59]
|
Croatia
|
November 2014–February 2015
|
PWID in the cities of Zagreb, Split and Rijeka
|
–
|
399
|
38.30 (31.40–44.30)
|
Low risk
|
|
Kaberg, 2017 [60]
|
Sweden
|
7 April 2013–16 October 2014
|
PWID in the Stockholm needle exchange program (NEP)
|
39.3(1)
|
1386
|
82.00 (–)
|
High risk
|
|
Keegan, 2017 [61]
|
Ireland
|
31 January 2015
|
Patients attending agonist opioid treatment in a clinic in Dublin
|
50.2(18.3)
|
228
|
63.60 (–)
|
High risk
|
|
Skocibusic, 2016 [62]
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
–
|
PWID of both sexes included in opiate substitution treatment in the southern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
–
|
120
|
52.50 (–)
|
High risk
|
|
Svendsen, 2017 [63]
|
Norway
|
September 2015–November 2016
|
PWID in local opioid substitution clinic and day centres in Trondheim, Norway
|
–
|
304
|
41.00 (–)
|
High risk
|
|
Nosotti, 2016 [64]
|
Italy
|
–
|
IDU sample in Rome
|
–
|
261
|
41.70 (–)
|
High risk
|
