Table 4 Summary of results from studies reporting anti-HCV prevalence in PWID
Author, year | Country | Recruiting period | Population as reported | Age, mean (SD) | Sample size | Anti-HCV prevalence (%) (95% CI) | Risk of selection bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aisyah, 2018 [48] | UK | 2011–2013 | Vulnerable populations in London | – | 1207 | 11.40 (–) | Low risk |
Hope, 2016 [49] | UK | 1992–2013 | Image and performance-enhancing drugs injectors in England and Wales | – | 343 | 7.90 (–) | Low risk |
Hope, 2015 [50] | UK | Since 1990 | PWID from needle and syringe, opiate substitution treatment except for Scotland | – | 123 | 41.70 (–) | Low risk |
Valencia, 2018 [51] | Spain | January 2013–December 2016 | PWUD who actively consumed heroin and/or cocaine, either smoked or injected | 41.3(8.50) | 946 | 33.30 (–) | High risk |
Folch, 2016 [52] | Spain | 2010–2011 | PWID in harm reduction centres in Catalonia | – | 754 | 72.00 (68.8–75.2) | Low risk |
Leon, 2016 [53] | France | 2004 and 2011 | IDU | – | 1242 | 43.40 (39.00–47.90) | Low risk |
Weill-Barillet, 2016 [54] | France | 2011 | Drug users having injected or snorted drugs at least once in their life | 39.0(−) | 960 | 64.00 (59.20–68.20) | Low risk |
Sypasa, 2017 [55] | Greece | 2012–2013 | During an HIV outbreak among PWID in Athens | – | 431 | 49.90 (45.00–54.70) | High risk |
Sheka, 2014 [56] | Greece | January 1997–December 2007 | Intravenous drug users who attended the Greek Organisation against Drugs | – | 2668 | 72.20 (–) | High risk |
Derks, 2018 [57] | Germany | 2011–2014 | Current injectors in 8 German cities | – | 1318 | 64.60 (–) | Low risk |
Tarjan, 2017 [58] | Hungary | 2011 and 2014 | PWID injecting in the last month and attending SEPs or drug treatment centres | – | 365 | 65.00 (–) | Low risk |
Handanagic, 2016 [59] | Croatia | November 2014–February 2015 | PWID in the cities of Zagreb, Split and Rijeka | – | 399 | 38.30 (31.40–44.30) | Low risk |
Kaberg, 2017 [60] | Sweden | 7 April 2013–16 October 2014 | PWID in the Stockholm needle exchange program (NEP) | 39.3(1) | 1386 | 82.00 (–) | High risk |
Keegan, 2017 [61] | Ireland | 31 January 2015 | Patients attending agonist opioid treatment in a clinic in Dublin | 50.2(18.3) | 228 | 63.60 (–) | High risk |
Skocibusic, 2016 [62] | Bosnia and Herzegovina | – | PWID of both sexes included in opiate substitution treatment in the southern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina | – | 120 | 52.50 (–) | High risk |
Svendsen, 2017 [63] | Norway | September 2015–November 2016 | PWID in local opioid substitution clinic and day centres in Trondheim, Norway | – | 304 | 41.00 (–) | High risk |
Nosotti, 2016 [64] | Italy | – | IDU sample in Rome | – | 261 | 41.70 (–) | High risk |