From: Intravenous-to-oral antibiotic switch therapy: a cross-sectional study in critical care units
Data | All (n = 349) | No oral switch (n = 238) | Oral switch (n = 111) | P-value | Odds ratio | Multivariable analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | % | % | ||||||
Male | 208 | 59.7% | 132 | 56% | 77 | 69% | 0.010 | 1.79 (1.11–2.89) | NS |
Female | 140 | 40.3% | 106 | 45% | 34 | 31% | |||
Heart failure class IV | 41 | 12% | 25 | 11% | 16 | 15% | 0.181 | ||
Immunosuppression | 27 | 8% | 17 | 7% | 10 | 9% | 0.324 | ||
Cirrhosis | 7 | 2% | 5 | 2.1% | 2 | 1.8% | 0.662 | ||
Site of infection | |||||||||
Respiratory | 189 | 54.3% | 122 | 51.3% | 67 | 60.9% | |||
Urinary | 38 | 10.9% | 32 | 13.4% | 6 | 5.5% | |||
Abdominal | 45 | 12.9% | 37 | 15.5% | 8 | 7.3% | |||
Bloodstream | 24 | 6.9% | 22 | 9.2% | 2 | 1.8% | |||
Skin and soft tissue | 25 | 7.2% | 11 | 4.6% | 14 | 12.7% | |||
Central nervous system | 4 | 1.1% | 4 | 1.7% | 0 | 0% | |||
Others | 7 | 2.4% | 0 | 0% | 7 | 6.3% | |||
Undefined | 15 | 4.3% | 10 | 4.2% | 5 | 4.5% | |||
Vasoactive drug | |||||||||
Vasopressin | 71 | 20.4% | 62 | 26.1% | 9 | 8.2% | < 0.001 | 0.25 (0.12–0.53) | NS |
Noradrenalin | 205 | 58.9% | 137 | 57.6% | 68 | 61.8% | 0.264 | ||
Dobutamine | 153 | 44% | 117 | 49.2% | 36 | 32.7% | – | ||
Acute Kidney Injury | 69 | 19.8% | 54 | 22.6% | 15 | 13.5% | 0.032 | NS | |
Antibiotic | |||||||||
Aminoglycoside | 75 | 21.6% | 31 | 26.1% | 22 | 11.8% | 0.002 | 0.38 (0.19–0.72) | 0.014 |
Polymyxin | 12 | 3.4% | 11 | 4.6% | 1 | 0.9% | 0.065 | ||
Cefazolin | 8 | 2.3% | 1 | 0% | 7 | 6.4% | 0.002 | 16.1 (1.97–132.59) | 0.004 |
Ceftriaxone | 112 | 32.2% | 82 | 34.5% | 30 | 27.3% | 0.113 | ||
Cefepime | 122 | 34.2% | 82 | 34.5% | 40 | 36.4% | 0.409 | ||
Carbapenem | 39 | 11.2% | 37 | 15.5% | 2 | 1.8% | < 0.001 | 0.10 (0.02–0.42) | NS |
Quinolone | 77 | 22.1% | 10 | 4.2% | 67 | 60.9% | < 0.001 | 40.71 (19.76–83.89) | < 0.001 |
Vancomycin | 95 | 27.3% | 86 | 36.1% | 9 | 8.2% | < 0.001 | 0.15 (0.07–0.32) | NS |
SMX/TMP | 24 | 6.9% | 16 | 6.7% | 8 | 7.3% | 0.506 | ||
Metronidazole/clindamycin | 50 | 14.3% | 37 | 15.5% | 13 | 11.8% | 0.226 | ||
Macrolide | 24 | 6.9% | 15 | 6.0% | 9 | 8.2% | 0.332 | ||
Penicillin | 39 | 8 | 3.4% | 31 | 28.2% | < 0.001 | 11.28 (4.97–25.56) | 0.001 | |
Mortality | 44 | 12.6% | 35 | 14.7% | 9 | 8.2% | 0.060 | ||
Age | 64 (53–73) | 65 (55–74) | 64 (51–73) | 0.327 | |||||
APACHE II score | 15.5 (12–19) | 16.5 (13–19) | 15 (14–17) | 0.061 | 0.003 | ||||
SOFA score | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–4) | 0.112 | |||||
IV antibiotic duration (days) | 5 (4–7) | 7 (5–10) | 3 (2–4) | < 0.001 | NS | ||||
Oral antibiotic duration (days) | 0 | 4 (3–5) | – | ||||||
Mechanical ventilation (days) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (1.75–4) | 0.008 | NS | ||||
Total hospitalization (days) | 13 (8–21) | 13 (8–22) | 13(8–20) | 0.665 | |||||
Days in the ICU | 6 (4–9) | 6 (4–10) | 5 (3–7) | 0.029 | NS |