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Table 4 Univariable and multivariable semi-parametric proportional hazard model on predictors with time to second-line treatment failure among adults living with HIV in Amhara Region (February 2008–April 2016)

From: Incidence and predictors of second-line antiretroviral treatment failure among adults living with HIV in Amhara region: a multi-centered retrospective follow-up study

Variables

Crude hazard ratio (95%CI)

Adjusted hazard ratio(95%CI)

Age

 15–24

Reference

Reference

 25–34

0.85 (0.56 1.29)

0.91 (0.60 1.39)

 35–44

0.81 (0.52 1.25)

0.85 (0.54 1.32)

  ≥ 45

0.76 (0.45 1.28)

0.86 (0.50 1.47)

Gender

 Female

Reference

Reference

 male

1.10 (0.86 1.41)

1.18 (0.91 1.53)

BMI(kg/m2)

  < 18.5

1.26 (0.98 1.62)

1.09 (0.83 1.42)

 18.5–24.99

Reference

Reference

  > 25

0.67 (0.39 1.20)

0.76 (0.44 1.33)

CD4 count at switch

  ≥ 100 cells/mm3

Reference

Reference

  < 100 cells/mm3

0.82 (0.64 1.05)

0.88 (0.68 1.14)

Regimen modification

 Yes

Reference

Reference

 No

1.65 (1.27 2.14)

1.55 (1.18 2.04)

ART adherence

 good

Reference

Reference

 Fair

1.11 (0.78 1.59)

1.12 (0.78 1.61)

 poor

1.55 (1.18 2.03)

1.40 (1.06 1.85)

WHO clinical stage

 I

Reference

Reference

 II

0.95 (0.59 1.53)

0.84 (0.52 1.39)

 III

0.78 (0.59 1.04)

0.68 (0.50 0.91)

 IV

1.44 (0.98 2.11)

1.14 (0.75 1.73)

Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (INH) given

 Yes

Reference

Reference

 No

1.70 (1.25 2.32)

1.68 (1.23 2.30)

Functional status at switch

 Working

Reference

Reference

 Ambulatory

1.45 (1.03 2.04)

1.42 (0.97 2.07)

 bedridden

1.99 (0.98 4.05)

1.94 (0.93 4.05)

Opportunistic Infections (OI)

 Yes

Reference

Reference

 No

1.00 (0.62 1.62)

0.98 (0.60 1.61)

Second-line regimen

 ABC-ddI-LPV/r

Reference

Reference

 TDF-3TC-LPV/r

1.59 (1.08 2.35)

1.55 (1.03 2.32)

 AZT-3TC-LPV/r

2.85(1.79 4.53)

3.00 (1.86 4.85)

 Othersa

1.89(1.28 2.82)

1.77 (1.19 2.67)

  1. a = (ABC-ddI-NFV, AZT-3TC-ATV/r, TDF-3TC-ATV/r, ABC-3TC-LPV/r, and ABC-3TC-ATV/r)