Parametersa | Total (n = 214) | Sepsis (n = 83) | Severe sepsis (n = 70) | Septic shock (n = 61) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
In-hospital mortality | 30 (14.0) | 0 | 4 (5.7) | 26 (42.6) | < 0.01**,*** |
Time to death from admission (days, median ± IQR, min–max) | 8.0 ± 12.5 (1–40) | 0 | 5.0 ± 8.8 (2–19) | 7.0 ± 10.8 (1–40) | 0.6 |
ICU admittance | 58 (27.1) | 7 (8.4) | 16 (22.9) | 35 (57.4) | < 0.01*,**,*** |
LOS (days, median ± IQR, min–max) | 10.0 ± 8.0 (1–123) | 10.0 ± 7.5 (3–80) | 10.0 ± 6.0 (1–123) | 7.0 ± 13.8 (1–80) | 0.96 |
ICU LOS (days, median ± IQR, min–max) | 8.0 ± 10.8 (1–60) | 9.0 ± 14.5 (2–22) | 9.0 ± 7.0 (1–50) | 8.0 ± 11.0 (1–60) | 0.95 |
Rate of source control | 39 (18.2) | 13 (15.7) | 13 (18.6) | 13 (21.3) | 0.76 |
Rate of bacteraemia | 109 (50.9) | 37 (44.6) | 40 (57.1) | 32 (52.5) | 0.29 |
No. of patients receiving antimicrobial therapy | 212 (99.1) | 82 (98.8) | 70 (100) | 60 (98.4) | 0.44 |
Duration of antibiotic therapyb (days, median ± IQR, min–max) | 10.0 ± 5.0 (1–50) | 10.5 ± 4.0 (4–50) | 10.0 ± 5.0 (2–28) | 12.5 ± 13.0 (1–30) | 0.61 |
Types of empirical antimicrobial therapy: | |||||
- Penicillins | 26 (12.3) | 15 (18.3) | 3 (4.3) | 8 (13.3) | 0.02* |
- Cephalosporins | 153 (72.2) | 56 (68.3) | 55 (78.6) | 42 (70.0) | 0.7 |
- Carbapenems | 16 (7.6) | 1 (1.2) | 5 (7.1) | 10 (16.7) | 0.01** |
- Aminoglycosides | 5 (2.4) | 4 (4.8) | 1 (1.4) | 0 | 0.99 |
- Macrolides | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.7) | 1.0 |
- Fluoroquinolones | 25 (11.8) | 12 (14.6) | 9 (12.9) | 4 (6.7) | 1.0 |
- Tetracyclines | 2 (1.0) | 0 | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.7) | 0.97 |
- Metronidazol | 11 (5.2) | 3 (3.6) | 3 (4.3) | 5 (8.3) | 0.99 |
- Clindamycin | 7 (3.3) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.4) | 5 (8.3) | 0.88 |
- Vancomycin | 20 (9.4) | 6 (7.3) | 5 (7.1) | 9 (15.0) | 0.99 |
- Fluconazole | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.2) | 0 | 0 | 1.0 |
Characteristics of antimicrobial therapy: | |||||
- No. of empirical combinations | 45 (21.2) | 14 (17.1) | 11 (15.7) | 20 (33.3) | 0.06 |
- No. of adequate empirical antimicrobial therapy | 190 (89.6) | 74 (90.2) | 63 (90.0) | 53 (88.3) | 0.84 |
- No. of escalations of antimicrobial therapy | 36 (16.9) | 9 (10.9) | 14 (20.0) | 13 (21.6) | 0.17 |
- No. of de-escalations of antimicrobial therapy | 30 (14.2) | 12 (14.6) | 4 (5.7) | 14 (23.3) | 0.02*** |
- No. of patients with subsequent oral switch | 55 (25.9) | 25 (30.5) | 21 (30.0) | 9 (15.0) | 0.06 |
No. of patients receiving supportive therapy | 87 (40.7) | 15 (18.1) | 28 (40.0) | 44 (72.1) | < 0.01*,**,*** |
Types of supportive therapy: | |||||
- Hemodynamical support | 47 (22.0) | 0 | 2 (2.9) | 45 (73.8) | < 0.01**, |
- Mechanical ventilation | 40 (18.7) | 2 (2.4) | 10 (14.3) | 28 (45.9) | < 0.01*,**,*** |
- Renal replacement therapy | 6 (2.8) | 0 | 1 (1.4) | 5 (8.2) | 0.01** |
- Any corticosteroid therapy | 33 (15.4) | 10 (12.0) | 14 (20.0) | 9 (14.8) | 0.39 |
- Human albumin | 17 (7.9) | 2 (2.4) | 3 (4.3) | 12 (19.7) | < 0.01**,*** |
- Red blood cell transfusion | 43 (20.1) | 5 (6.0) | 12 (17.1) | 26 (42.6) | < 0.01**,*** |
- Thrombocyte transfusion | 15 (7.0) | 1 (1.2) | 2 (2.9) | 12 (19.7) | < 0.01**,*** |
Duration of supportive therapy (days, median ± IQR, min–max): | |||||
- Hemodynamical support | 4.0 ± 7.0 (1–30) | 0 | 2.0 ± 1.0 (1–3) | 4.5 ± 8.3 (1–30) | 0.11 |
- Mechanical ventilation | 7.0 ± 8.0 (1–27) | 12.5 ± 4.5 (8–17) | 7.0 ± 5.5 (1–20) | 7.0 ± 10.5 (1–27) | 0.66 |
- Renal replacement therapy | 7.5 ± 8.8 (1–15) | 0 | 1 (1–1) | 10.0 ± 9.0 (4–15) | 0.33 |
- Any corticosteroid therapy | 5.0 ± 6.0 (1–20) | 6.0 ± 5.0 (3–14) | 5.0 ± 3.0 (2–20) | 6.0 ± 9.5 (1–18) | 0.68 |
- Human albumin | 4.0 ± 2.0 (1–10) | 3.5 ± 1.5 (2–5) | 5.0 ± 1.5 (3–6) | 4.0 ± 2.0 (1–10) | 0.73 |