Parametersa | Total (n = 214) | Sepsis (n = 83) | Severe sepsis (n = 70) | Septic shock (n = 61) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years, median ± IQR, min–max) | 60.0 ± 33.1 (18–93) | 58.5 ± 26.5 (20–92) | 61.3 ± 36.5 (18–95) | 62.0 ± 26.5 (25–90) | 0.58 |
Male gender | 92 (43.0) | 31 (37.3) | 34 (48.6) | 27 (44.3) | 0.36 |
Comorbidities: | |||||
- Arterial hypertension | 132 (61.7) | 51 (61.4) | 44 (62.9) | 37 (60.7) | 0.96 |
- Chronic heart disease | 94 (43.9) | 30 (36.1) | 34 (48.6) | 30 (49.2) | 0.18 |
- Chronic lung disease | 34 (15.9) | 11 (13.3) | 12 (17.1) | 11 (18.0) | 0.69 |
- Chronic kidney disease | 50 (23.4) | 15 (18.1) | 21 (30.0) | 14 (23.0) | 0.22 |
- Chronic liver disease | 55 (25.7) | 13 (15.7) | 21 (30.0) | 21 (34.4) | 0.02* |
- Diabetes mellitus | 61 (28.5) | 24 (28.9) | 24 (34.3) | 13 (21.3) | 0.26 |
- Malignancy | 22 (10.3) | 11 (13.3) | 6 (8.6) | 5 (8.2) | 0.52 |
- Chronic corticosteroid use | 17 (7.9) | 2 (2.4) | 11 (15.7) | 4 (6.6) | 0.01** |
- Immunosuppression | 57 (26.6) | 18 (21.7) | 24 (34.3) | 15 (24.6) | 0.19 |
- Cerebrovascular disease | 58 (27.1) | 22 (26.5) | 13 (18.6) | 23 (37.7) | 0.04*** |
- Intravenous drug use | 7 (3.3) | 2 (2.4) | 4 (5.7) | 1 (1.6) | 0.36 |
- Excess alcohol use | 45 (21.0) | 13 (15.7) | 13 (18.6) | 19 (31.1) | 0.06 |
No. of comorbidities (per patient, median ± IQR, min–max) | 3.0 ± 3.0 (0–8) | 2.0 ± 3.0 (0–7) | 3.5 ± 4.0 (0–8) | 3.0 ± 3.0 (0–7) | 0.07 |
Charlson score (median ± IQR, min–max) | 4.0 ± 5.0 (0–12) | 3.0 ± 5.0 (0–10) | 4.5 ± 5.0 (0–12) | 5.0 ± 5.0 (0–10) | 0.17 |
Source of sepsis: | |||||
Head or neck source | 29 (13.6) | 13 (15.7) | 10 (14.3) | 6 (9.8) | 0.58 |
- Meningitis | 24 (11.2) | 10 (12.0) | 8 (11.4) | 6 (9.8) | Â |
- Tonsillopharyngitis | 4 (1.9) | 3 (3.6) | 1 (1.4) | 0 | Â |
- Otitis media | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 1 (1.4) | 0 | Â |
Thoracic source | 30 (14.0) | 11 (13.3) | 10 (14.3) | 9 (14.8) | 0.96 |
- Pneumonia | 28 (13.1) | 10 (12.0) | 9 (12.9) | 9 (14.8) | Â |
- Endocarditis | 2 (0.9) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.4) | 0 | Â |
Abdominal source | 52 (24.3) | 13 (15.7) | 16 (22.9) | 23 (37.7) | 0.01* |
- Peritonitis | 12 (5.6) | 2 (2.4) | 1 (1.4) | 9 (14.8) | Â |
- Cholangitis | 19 (8.9) | 5 (6.0) | 8 (11.4) | 6 (9.8) | Â |
- Colonic perforation | 2 (0.9) | 0 | 0 | 2 (3.3) | Â |
- Oesophagitis | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.2) | 0 | 0 | Â |
- Enterocolitis | 18 (8.4) | 5 (6.0) | 7 (10.0) | 6 (9.8) | Â |
Skin and soft tissue source | 20 (9.3) | 8 (9.6) | 5 (7.1) | 7 (11.5) | 0.69 |
- Cellulitis | 17 (7.9) | 6 (7.2) | 4 (5.7) | 7 (11.5) | Â |
- Diabetic foot infection | 3 (1.4) | 2 (2.4) | 1 (1.4) | 0 | Â |
Urogenital source | 53 (24.8) | 26 (31.3) | 18 (25.7) | 9 (14.8) | 0.07 |
- Urinary tract infection | 50 (23.4) | 23 (27.7) | 18 (25.7) | 9 (14.8) | Â |
- Pelvic inflammatory disease | 3 (1.4) | 3 (3.6) | 0 | 0 | Â |
Toxic shock syndrome | 6 (2.8) | 0 | 2 (2.9) | 4 (6.6) | 0.06 |
Unknown source | 24 (11.2) | 12 (14.5) | 9 (12.9) | 3 (4.9) | 0.17 |
Signs of sepsis: | |||||
- Fever | 192 (89.7) | 74 (89.2) | 66 (94.3) | 52 (85.2) | 0.23 |
- Hypothermia | 2 (0.9) | 0 | 2 (2.9) | 0 | n.a. |
- Euthermia | 21 (9.8) | 9 (10.8) | 3 (4.3) | 9 (14.8) | 0.12 |
- Hypotension | 135 (63.1) | 27 (32.5) | 47 (67.1) | 61 (100.0) | < 0.01*,**,*** |
- Tachycardia | 135 (63.1) | 33 (39.8) | 46 (65.7) | 56 (91.8) | < 0.01*,**,*** |
- Tachypnea | 90 (42.1) | 16 (19.3) | 36 (51.4) | 38 (62.3) | < 0.01*,** |
- Oliguria | 69 (32.2) | 6 (7.2) | 22 (31.4) | 41 (67.2) | < 0.01*,**,*** |
- Altered mental status | 84 (39.3) | 16 (19.3) | 25 (35.7) | 43 (70.5) | < 0.01*,*** |
- Acute abdomen | 26 (12.1) | 7 (8.4) | 8 (11.4) | 11 (18.0) | 0.18 |
- Bleeding | 18 (8.4) | 3 (3.6) | 3 (4.3) | 12 (19.7) | 0.01*,*** |
- Skin lesion | 56 (26.2) | 16 (19.3) | 16 (22.9) | 24 (39.3) | 0.02* |
- Peripheral oedema | 41 (19.2) | 10 (12.0) | 13 (18.6) | 18 (29.5) | 0.03* |
- Splenomegaly | 50 (23.4) | 16 (19.3) | 17 (24.3) | 17 (27.9) | 0.47 |