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Table 3 Structural Equation Model Parameter Estimates for Determining Relationships among Dimensions of Disability

From: Characterizing the disability experience among adults living with HIV: a structural equation model using the HIV disability questionnaire (HDQ) within the HIV, health and rehabilitation survey

Relationships among Dimensions of Disability

Unstandardized Parameter Estimates (95% CI)

Standardized Parameter Estimates (95% CI)

Challenges to Social Inclusion

 on Difficulties Carrying out Day-to-Day Activities

0.23 (0.16, 0.30)*

0.19 (0.13–0.25)*

 on Mental-Emotional Symptoms and Impairments

0.37 (0.30, 0.43)*

0.39 (0.32–0.45)*

 on Uncertainty

0.36 (0.30, 0.42)*

0.38 (0.32–0.44)*

 on Cognitive Symptoms and Impairments

−0.02 (−0.08, 0.04)

−0.02 (−0.07–0.04)

 on Physical Symptoms and Impairments

0.04 (−0.05, 0.14)

0.03 (− 0.03–0.09)

Mental – Emotional Health Challenges

 on Uncertainty

0.53 (0.48, 0.58)*

0.53 (0.48, 0.58)*

 on Cognitive Symptoms and Impairments

0.20 (0.14, 0.27)*

0.18 (0.12, 0.24)*

 on Physical Symptoms and Impairments

0.37 (0.29, 0.46)*

0.24 (0.18, 0.30)*

Difficulties Carrying Out Day-to-Day Activities

 on Mental-Emotional Symptoms and Impairments

0.14 (0.08, 0.19)*

0.18 (0.11–0.24)*

 on Cognitive Symptoms and Impairments

0.13 (0.07, 0.19)*

0.15 (0.08, 0.22)*

 on Physical Symptoms and Impairments

0.65 (0.57, 0.73)*

0.54 (0.47, 0.60)*

Uncertainty

 on Cognitive Symptoms and Impairments

0.32 (0.24, 0.41)*

0.29 (0.21–0.37)*

 on Physical Symptoms and Impairments

0.56 (0.44, 0.68)*

0.36 (0.29–0.43)*

Physical Symptoms and Impairments

 Correlated with Cognitive Symptoms and Impairments

217.5 (187.92, 246.38)*

0.64 (0.60–0.68)*

  1. Structural Equation Model Results: Relationships represented by HDQ Severity Scores. Chi-square statistic (χ2): 2.51; p value: 0.11; Degrees of freedom: 1; Comparative Fit Index (CFI): 1.00 (ideal is ≥ 0.95); Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI): 0.99 (ideal is ≥ 0.95)Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA): 0.04 (good fit represented by < 0.05); *significant p < 0.001; Note: ‘on’ refers to relationships where parameter estimates represent regression coefficients; ‘correlated with’ indicates correlation coefficient