BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 1 Annual average consumption of antibiotics classes per acute pyelonephritis event in Korea, 2010–2014

From: Trend of antibiotics usage for acute pyelonephritis in Korea based on national health insurance data 2010–2014

Antibiotic class	Inpatients (DDD/event)							Outpatients (DDD/event)
Antibiotic class	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2014/2010 (%)	P	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2014/2010 (%)	P
1^st CEPs	0.64	0.57	0.51	0.44	0.36	56.3	< 0.001	0.22	0.21	0.20	0.17	0.16	72.7	0.002
2^nd CEPs	0.80	0.72	0.63	0.30	0.64	–	0.068	0.61	0.61	0.62	0.62	0.51	–	0.233
3^rd CEPs	4.11	4.45	4.68	4.94	5.14	125.1	< 0.001	0.67	0.75	0.83	0.82	0.83	123.9	0.049
4^th CEPs	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.06	–	0.162	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
AGs	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.04	0.03	42.9	0.004	0.24	0.22	0.17	0.15	0.13	54.2	0.002
BL/BLIs	0.67	0.71	0.71	0.73	0.75	111.9	0.008	0.43	0.42	0.42	0.43	0.39	–	0.294
Carbapenems	0.28	0.42	0.54	0.69	0.87	310.7	< 0.001	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.04	200.0	0.001
FQs	3.35	3.33	3.22	3.18	3.02	90.1	0.010	3.29	3.29	3.25	3.28	3.28	–	0.555
Penicillins	0.14	0.11	0.10	0.08	0.09	64.3	0.014	0.14	0.11	0.10	0.08	0.06	42.9	0.001
SXT	0.10	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.09	–	0.575	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.09	–	0.538

Abbreviations: DDD Defined daily dose, 1^st CEPs 1^st generation cephalosporins, 2^nd CEPs 2^nd generation cephalosporins, 3^rd CEPs 3^rd generation cephalosporins, 4^th CEPs 4^th generation cephalosporins, AGs Aminoglycosides, BL/BLIs Beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors, FQs Fluoroquinolones, SXT Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

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