|
Variables
|
Bivariate analysis
|
Multivariate analysis
|
|---|
|
COR
|
95% CI
|
P-value
|
AOR
|
95% CI
|
P-value
|
|---|
|
Illiterate
|
0.9
|
0.4–1.8
|
0.714
| | | |
|
Small family ≤5
|
1.5
|
0.8–2.8
|
0.245
| | | |
|
Residence in rural area
|
1.6
|
0.9–2.9
|
0.092
|
1.4
|
0.6–2.9
|
0.396
|
|
Unemployed
|
4.1
|
0.7–23
|
0.105
|
1.5
|
0.1–27.2
|
0.775
|
|
Unmarried
|
1.5
|
0.9–2.6
|
0.100
|
1.4
|
0.7–2.7
|
0.379
|
|
Alcohol
|
3.1
|
0.4–25.9
|
0.303
| | | |
|
smoking cigarette
|
2.0
|
0.4–10.3
|
0.390
| | | |
|
Khat** chewing
|
1.3
|
0.4–4.9
|
0.650
| | | |
|
Main diet wheat or barley vs other food
|
1.8
|
0.9–3.5
|
0.093
|
2.3
|
0.9–5.4
|
0.064
|
|
Main diet teff vs wheat or barley
|
0.6
|
0.3–1.2
|
0.147
| | | |
|
Baseline CD4 lymphocyte count ≤50 cells/mm3
|
3.7
|
1.7–7.8
|
< 0.001
|
3.8
|
1.5–9.6
|
0.005
|
|
Baseline WHO stage 4
|
3.9
|
1.3–12.0
|
0.018
|
0.3
|
0.1–1.4
|
0.138
|
|
Discontinuation of ART
|
7.4
|
3.9–13.8
|
< 0.001
|
9.8
|
4.0–23.8
|
< 0.001
|
|
< 1 month
|
8.5
|
3.7–19.6
|
< 0.001
| | | |
|
> 1 month
|
6.3
|
2.8–14.5
|
< 0.001
| | | |
|
AZT based regimen
|
1.5
|
0.9–2.5
|
0.121
|
1.3
|
0.7–2.6
|
0.392
|
|
Missed ART follow-up
|
2.6
|
1.3–5.1
|
0.007
|
1.6
|
0.6–4.8
|
0.362
|
|
Repeated or persistent diarrhea
|
4.6
|
1.9–11.3
|
< 0.001
|
4.4
|
1.5–13.2
|
0.007
|
|
Dyspepsia
|
1.3
|
0.8–2.3
|
0.305
| | | |
|
Psychiatric illness
|
3.1
|
0.9–11.4
|
0.082
|
0.6
|
0.3–1.5
|
0.272
|
|
Anti-HCV positive
|
2.0
|
0.2–18.4
|
0.531
| | | |
|
HBsAg positive
|
1.5
|
0.04–5.8
|
0.534
| | | |
|
H. pylori antigen positive
|
0.7
|
0.4–1.3
|
0.314
| | | |
|
VDRL positive
|
0.5
|
0.3_1.1
|
0.074
|
0.6
|
0.3–1.5
|
0.272
|
- Note: ART: Antiretroviral Therapy; AZT: Azidothymidine (Zidovudine); CI: Confidence interval; COR: Crude odds ratio; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; VDRL: Venereal disease research laboratory; WHO: World Health Organization. *Teff (Eragrostis tef) is a gluten-free cereal traditionally grown in Ethiopia [25]. ** Khat (Catha edulis) is a plant native to the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula and contains psychoactive substances that have a high abuse potential [26]
