Table 2 Characteristics of substance use among HIV-positive and HIV-negative PWUD
Drug use characteristics | Total (n = 1367) | HIV test result | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive (n = 78) | Negative (n = 1289) | |||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | P-value* | |
Method of first illicit drug use | 0.81 | |||
 Injecting | 3 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.2) |  |
 Smoking | 1273 (93.1) | 75 (96.2) | 1198 (92.9) |  |
 Sniffing or snorting | 76 (5.6) | 73 (5.7) | 3 (3.8) |  |
 Swallowing/drinking | 15 (1.1) | 15 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) |  |
First-time drug use was introduced to drugs by: | 0.60 | |||
 Myself | 206 (15.1) | 10 (12.8) | 196 (15.2) |  |
 Friends/co-workers | 1089 (79.7) | 66 (84.6) | 1023 (79.4) |  |
 Sexual partners | 58 (4.2) | 2 (2.6) | 56 (4.3) |  |
 Stranger (forced by) | 13 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (1.0) |  |
Used illicit drugs in the past 3 months | 1053 (77.8) | 66 (84.6) | 987 (77.4) | 0.13 |
Type of illicit drugs commonly used in the past 3 months | ||||
 Yama/ice (methamphetamine) | 1014 (95.1) | 63 (62.8) | 951 (95.1) | 0.90 |
 Ecstasy | 59 (5.5) | 5 (7.6) | 54 (5.4) | 0.46 |
 Inhalants | 48 (4.5) | 7 (10.6) | 41 (4.1) | 0.06 |
 Cannabis | 35 (3.3) | 5 (7.6) | 30 (3.0) | 0.08 |
Having injected illicit drugs in lifetime | 19 (1.8) | 7 (10.6) | 12 (1.2) | < 0.001 |
Alcohol drinking ≥4 times per week | 429 (31.5) | 23 (29.5) | 406 (31.6) | 0.70 |
Binge drinking ≥4times per week | 374 (33.0) | 354 (32.9) | 20 (34.5) | 0.80 |
Smoked at least 100 cigarettes in lifetime | 611 (44.8) | 32 (41.0) | 579 (45.0) | 45.0 |