Skip to main content

Table 1 Patient characteristics by socioeconomic status for pediatric patients examined at private and public clinics – Niterói, RJ, Brazil, 2014

From: Differences in gram-positive bacterial colonization and antimicrobial resistance among children in a high income inequality setting

Demographic characteristic

High-income patient

Middle/low-income patient

Slum resident patient

Total

P value

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

Male

151

52

64

51

90

49

305

51

0.83

Mean age in years (SD)

3.2

4

5.9

5

6.3

5

4.8

5

< 0.01

Child race or ethnicity

        

< 0.01

 White

209

72

52

42

58

32

319

53

 

 Mixed (pardo or mestiço)

63

22

58

46

108

59

229

38

 

 Black

18

6

15

12

17

9

50

8

 

Attends childcare center

53

18

21

17

18

10

92

15

0.04

Child attends a public childcare center or school (vs private)

9

6

55

67

93

79

157

26

< 0.01

Stable income

270

93

105

85

130

71

505

84

< 0.01

Mean monthly household income in USD (SD)

3500

2985

1005

1277

669

500

2141

2578

< 0.01

Receives government financial assistance (Bolsa Família)

3

1

41

33

76

43

120

20

< 0.01

Geocoded distance to slum census tract

        

< 0.01

 Within slum census tract

1

0.4

19

16

30

19

50

8

 

 Within 50 m

6

2

12

10

66

41

84

14

 

 Within 100 m

8

3

18

15

15

9

41

7

 

 More than 100 m

250

94

69

59

49

31

368

62

 

Number of persons in household

        

< 0.01

 2 (Single parent/guardian)

10

4

6

5

11

6

27

5

 

 3 or 4

225

78

74

59

109

60

408

68

 

 5 or more

55

19

45

36

63

34

163

27

 

Other children 5 years or younger in household

55

19

37

30

55

30

147

25

0.01

Residence type

        

< 0.01

 Apartment

100

35

2

2

0

0

102

17

 

 House

189

65

123

98

183

100

495

83

 

Education of guardian

        

< 0.01

 Illiterate or incomplete primary education

0

0

34

27

66

36

100

17

 

 Complete primary education or incomplete secondary education

4

1

35

28

44

24

83

14

 

 Complete secondary education or incomplete higher education

117

40

41

33

63

35

221

37

 

 Complete higher education

169

58

14

11

9

5

192

32

 

Employment status of guardian

        

< 0.01

 Employed

254

85

75

60

120

66

440

74

 

 Unemployed

8

3

9

7

8

4

25

4

 

 Stay-at-home parent/guardian

30

10

30

24

47

26

107

18

 

 Other (retired, student etc.)

7

2

11

9

6

3

24

4

 

Animals living in the house

119

41

70

56

87

48

276

46

0.02

Total

290

49

125

21

183

31

598

100

 
  1. SD Standard deviation