Table 2 Published cases of NTM infection complicated with HPS
| Â | Author Country Year | Sex/Age | Symptoms | Cause of NTM infection | Method | Infection location | Underlying disease | Treatment | Prognosis | BM pathology showing granuloma |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | D. Har/USA, 2017 [12] | M/58 | Fever, night sweats, wt loss | M. kansasii | Spleen biopsy culture | Isolated spleen lesion | Sweet’s syndrome, adalimub (2 years) | Dexamethasone, etoposide, RIPE | Death | Not mentioned |
2 | Chou/PRC, 2010 [13] | F/60 | Fever, postprandial nausea, vomiting | M. kansasii | BM culture, liver biopsy culture | Disseminated | Femoral sarcoma (5 months later) | Methylprednisolone, IVIG, RIPE, azithromycin | Recovery | Yes |
3 | Thomas/France 2014 [14] | M/65 | Fever, wt loss, diarrhoea | M. lentiflavum | Blood culture, faecal culture, BALF, liver autopsy | Disseminated | Heart transplantation, tacrolimus+MMF | Prednisone, CsA, MMF; rifabutin, ethambutol, clarithromycin, amikacin | Death | Yes |
4 | Ordaya/USA, 2017 [15] | F/26 | Fever, fatigue, sore throat | M. avium complex | Blood culture | Disseminated | ALL in remission | Dexamethasone, etoposide, rifabutin, ethambutol, clarithromycin | Recovery (stop transplantation) | Yes |
5 | Hilmers/USA, 2013 [16] | M/40 | Fever | M. avium complex | Blood culture, BALF, BM culture | Disseminated | AIDS, HAART (3 weeks, histoplasmosis) | Azithromycin, ethambutol, rifabutin, antifungal, HAART | Recovery | Not mentioned |
6 | Chamsi-Pasha/USA, 2013 [17] | F/22 | Fever, night sweats, wt loss | M. avium complex | Lung biopsy culture, blood culture, BM culture | Disseminated | Sickle cell anaemia | Azithromycin, ethambutol, rifampin, methylprednisolone, anakinra | Death | Yes |
7 | Yang/PRC, 2003 [18] | F/15 | Fever, lethargy | M. avium complex | Gastric lavage | Disseminated | SLE (prednisone +HCQ) | IVIG, etoposide; clarithromycin, ciproflaxcin, amikacin | Recovery | Yes |
8 | Lapierre/France, 2017 [19] | M/55 | Fever, wt loss | M. iranicum (multidrug-resistant) | Blood culture | Disseminated | Hodgkin’s disease (at the same time) | Corticosteroid, BEACOPP | Recovery | Not mentioned |
9 | M.I/Japan, 2018 [20] | M/14 | Fever, wt loss | M. kansasii | Blood culture, BM culture | Disseminated | MDS (3 years), GATA2 heterozygous mutation | Prednisone, etoposide, CsA, RIPE, transplant | Recovery | No |
10 | Katagiri/Japan, 2014 [21] | M/58 | Fever, rash | M. abscessus | Blood culture, skin | Disseminated | CLL (prednisone +CTX) | Imipenem, amikacin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, IVIG | Recovery | No |
11 | Our case | F/21 | Fever, night sweats, fatigue | M. intracellulare | Blood culture, lymph node | Disseminated | No | Clarithromycin, rifampicin, ethambutol, amikacin, prednisone | Recovery | No |