Table 2 Factors associated with infection with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: Arua Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda, 2013–2017
Exposure | % Cases (n = 30) | % Controls (n = 92) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | aORa (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adhered to first-line TB treatment | ||||||
Yes | 33 | 89 | Ref | Ref | ||
No | 47 | 11 | 11 (3.5–33) | < 0.01# | 12 (1.9–79) | 0.009# |
Unknown | 20 | 0 | – | – | ||
Mean symptomatic duration (months) before treatment | ||||||
≤ 4 | 17 | 71 | Ref | |||
5–9 | 3.3 | 14 | 0.82 (0.081–8.4) | 0.87 | 1.0 (0.086–13) | 0.98 |
10–14 | 6.7 | 9.8 | 1.9 (0.29–14) | 0.51 | 2.3 (0.22–24) | 0.48 |
15–192 | 13 | 2.2 | 21 (2.7–166) | 0.004# | 24 (1.7–353) | 0.02# |
Unknown | 60 | 3.3 | 45 (11–183) | < 0.01 | 33 (3.8–201) | < 0.01 |
HIV status | ||||||
Negative | 47 | 68 | Ref | Ref | ||
Positive | 53 | 32 | 2.6 (1.1–6.1) | 0.033# | 1.3 (0.24–7.0) | 0.77 |
Contact | ||||||
No | 30 | 38 | Ref | |||
Yes | 63 | 38 | 2.1 (0.78–5.6) | 0.14 | ||
Unknown | 6.7 | 24 | 0.27 (0.047–1.5) | 0.14 | ||
Alcohol drinker | ||||||
Never | 50 | 41 | Ref | |||
Former | 20 | 35 | 0.49 (0.17–1.4) | 0.18 | ||
Yes | 30 | 24 | 1.1 (0.39–2.9) | 0.90 | ||
Smoker | ||||||
Never | 47 | 50 | Ref | |||
Former | 33 | 24 | 1.5 (0.60–3.9) | 0.37 | ||
Yes | 17 | 26 | 0.66 (0.21–2.1) | 0.48 | ||
Unknown | 3.3 | 0 | – | – | ||
Nationality status | ||||||
Ugandan | 83 | 82 | Ref | |||
Refugee | 17 | 18 | 0.84 (0.26–2.7) | 0.77 | ||