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Table 3 Characteristics of patients hospitalized for norovirus gastroenteritis (N = 470)

From: Nationwide epidemiologic study of norovirus-related hospitalization among Japanese older adults

Characteristics

n (%) or

median (range)a

Characteristics

n (%) or

median (range)a

Sex

Male

194 (42)

Laboratory data at the time of admission

Age (years)

60–69

66 (14)

 White blood cell (/μL)

Decreased

17 (4)

 

70–79

145 (31)

 

Normal

231 (51)

≥80

259 (55)

 

Increased

202 (45)

Residence at symptom onset

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

Decreased

190 (42)

 

Home

287 (62)

 

Normal

249 (55)

Long-term care facility

62 (13)

 

Increased

17 (4)

Hospital

115 (25)

 Platelet count (× 104/μL)

Decreased

47 (10)

Underlying illnesses

424 (90)

 

Normal

386 (84)

 

Hypertension

213 (45)

 

Increased

28 (6)

Heart disease

121 (26)

 C-reactive protein (mg/dL)

Increased

349 (77)

Diabetes

106 (23)

 Blood sugar (mg/dL)

Decreased

18 (5)

Stroke

121 (26)

 

Normal

102 (26)

Malignant tumor

66 (14)

 

Increased

268 (69)

Renal disease

38 (8)

 Albumin (g/dL)

Decreased

230 (59)

Chronic respiratory disease

32 (7)

 Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L)

Increased

205 (45)

Liver disease

24 (5)

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

Increased

200 (44)

Hematological disorders

13 (3)

 Sodium (mEq/L)

Decreased

81 (18)

Collagen diseases

7 (1)

 

Normal

375 (82)

Possible causes of infection

 

Increased

4 (1)

 

Contaminated food

43 (9)

 Potassium (mEq/L)

Decreased

106 (23)

Contact with infected person(s)

95 (21)

 

Normal

329 (72)

Disease epidemic in the area

99 (21)

 

Increased

24 (5)

Tested for norovirus

287 (61)

 Chloride (mEq/L)

Decreased

54 (12)

 Test result

Positive

153 (53)

 

Normal

376 (83)

Clinical symptoms at the time of admission

Increased

23 (5)

 Diarrhea

Present

377 (80)

Treatment

  
 

Duration (days)

4 (1–36)a

 Intravenous drip

386 (82)

Frequency per day

3.5 (1–33)a

 Antibiotics

201 (43)

 Vomiting

Present

232 (49)

 Oxygen supplementation

73 (16)

 

Duration (days)

2 (1–14)a

 Intensive care unit therapy

10 (2)

Frequency per day

1.5 (1–25)a

 Use of respirator

7 (1)

 Fever

Present

262 (56)

Duration of hospital admission (days)

11 (1–2359)a

 

Maximum fever (°C)

37.85 (37.0–40.3)a

Clinical outcome

Recovered

438 (93)

Complications

Aspiration pneumonia

28 (6)

 

Moved to hospital

10 (2)

 

Others

35 (8)

Deceased

21 (4)

Modified Vesikari scale

8 (0–16)a

Self-discharged

1 (0.2)

  1. amedian (range)