From: Nationwide epidemiologic study of norovirus-related hospitalization among Japanese older adults
Characteristics | n (%) or median (range)a | Characteristics | n (%) or median (range)a | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 194 (42) | Laboratory data at the time of admission | ||
Age (years) | 60–69 | 66 (14) | White blood cell (/μL) | Decreased | 17 (4) |
70–79 | 145 (31) | Normal | 231 (51) | ||
≥80 | 259 (55) | Increased | 202 (45) | ||
Residence at symptom onset | Hemoglobin (g/dL) | Decreased | 190 (42) | ||
Home | 287 (62) | Normal | 249 (55) | ||
Long-term care facility | 62 (13) | Increased | 17 (4) | ||
Hospital | 115 (25) | Platelet count (× 104/μL) | Decreased | 47 (10) | |
Underlying illnesses | 424 (90) | Normal | 386 (84) | ||
Hypertension | 213 (45) | Increased | 28 (6) | ||
Heart disease | 121 (26) | C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | Increased | 349 (77) | |
Diabetes | 106 (23) | Blood sugar (mg/dL) | Decreased | 18 (5) | |
Stroke | 121 (26) | Normal | 102 (26) | ||
Malignant tumor | 66 (14) | Increased | 268 (69) | ||
Renal disease | 38 (8) | Albumin (g/dL) | Decreased | 230 (59) | |
Chronic respiratory disease | 32 (7) | Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | Increased | 205 (45) | |
Liver disease | 24 (5) | Creatinine (mg/dL) | Increased | 200 (44) | |
Hematological disorders | 13 (3) | Sodium (mEq/L) | Decreased | 81 (18) | |
Collagen diseases | 7 (1) | Normal | 375 (82) | ||
Possible causes of infection | Increased | 4 (1) | |||
Contaminated food | 43 (9) | Potassium (mEq/L) | Decreased | 106 (23) | |
Contact with infected person(s) | 95 (21) | Normal | 329 (72) | ||
Disease epidemic in the area | 99 (21) | Increased | 24 (5) | ||
Tested for norovirus | 287 (61) | Chloride (mEq/L) | Decreased | 54 (12) | |
Test result | Positive | 153 (53) | Normal | 376 (83) | |
Clinical symptoms at the time of admission | Increased | 23 (5) | |||
Diarrhea | Present | 377 (80) | Treatment | ||
Duration (days) | 4 (1–36)a | Intravenous drip | 386 (82) | ||
Frequency per day | 3.5 (1–33)a | Antibiotics | 201 (43) | ||
Vomiting | Present | 232 (49) | Oxygen supplementation | 73 (16) | |
Duration (days) | 2 (1–14)a | Intensive care unit therapy | 10 (2) | ||
Frequency per day | 1.5 (1–25)a | Use of respirator | 7 (1) | ||
Fever | Present | 262 (56) | Duration of hospital admission (days) | 11 (1–2359)a | |
Maximum fever (°C) | 37.85 (37.0–40.3)a | Clinical outcome | Recovered | 438 (93) | |
Complications | Aspiration pneumonia | 28 (6) | Moved to hospital | 10 (2) | |
Others | 35 (8) | Deceased | 21 (4) | ||
Modified Vesikari scale | 8 (0–16)a | Self-discharged | 1 (0.2) |