Table 1 Medians (minimum value; maximum value) referring to Phases I, II and III of the samples obtained from the surfaces
Phase I (no intervention) | |||||||||||
Analysis method | Cleaning | Reception desk | p value | Bandage trolley | p value | Stretcher | p value | Operating table | p value | Mayo table | p value |
ATP (RLU)1 | Before | 209 (71;1365) | 0.834 | 124 (60;299) | 0.107 | 304 (156;1452) | 0.624 | 564 (150;2417) | 0.030 | 324.5 (120;735) | 0.014 |
After | 203 (34;575) | 69 (13;338) | 189 (58;2083) | 207 (33;1415) | 42.5 (11;62) | ||||||
Bacteria (CFU/cm2)1 | Before | 96 (53;219) | 0.183 | 40.5 (4;96) | 0.107 | 78.5 (61;197) | 0.441 | 113.5 (37;300) | 0.021 | 87.5 (64;154) | 0.624 |
After | 63.5 (31;153) | 45.5 (37;94) | 53 (6;176) | 66.5 (2;112) | 50.5 (3;172) | ||||||
Variation analysis2 | RLU | −2.3 (−91.8;349.2) | 0.563 | −49.5 (−85.3;52.3) | 0.018 | −19 (−94.9;410.5) | 0.713 | −60.8 (− 93.5;19.8) | 0.494 | −89 (− 93.6;-76.9) | 0.031 |
CFU | −31.3 (−71.2;88.9) | 71 (−39;825) | −32 (−96.8;100) | −26.5 (−99.2;10.6) | −44 (−96.4;100) | ||||||
Phase II (short-term evaluation) | |||||||||||
ATP (RLU)1 | Before | 239 (96;958) | 0.183 | 114 (70;533) | 0.014 | 295 (59;886) | 0.014 | 166 (50;1515) | 0.021 | 194.5 (41;256) | 0.014 |
After | 61.5 (40;326) | 36.5 (17;95) | 41.5 (25;483) | 44.5 (11;90) | 44.5 (17;83) | ||||||
Bacteria (CFU/cm2)1 | Before | 31.5 (7;300) | 0.042 | 58 (6;300) | 0.014 | 47 (6;257) | 0.183 | 17.5 (2;62) | 0.014 | 59.5 (26;173) | 0.014 |
After | 11.5 (2;18) | 6 (0;30) | 5 (0;28) | 2 (0;17) | 2.5 (0;31) | ||||||
Variation analysis2 | RLU | −72 (−86;193.7) | 0.792 | −72.4 (−90.8;-56.6) | 0.083 | − 67.6 (−93.8;-36.5) | 0.189 | −69.5 (−97.7;1.6) | 0.462 | −71.9 (−87.9;-8.1) | 0.010 |
CFU | −65.1 (−99.3;57.1) | −87.0 (−100;-16.7) | −92.3 (−100;283.3) | −76.3 (−100;-50) | −93.8 (− 100;-50.8) | ||||||
Phase III (after intervention – long-term evaluation) | |||||||||||
ATP (RLU)1 | Before | 633 (109;1327) | 0.014 | 237.5 (53;530) | 0.014 | 451 (113;3809) | 0.014 | 1053 (140;9597) | 0.014 | 109 (23;1989) | 0.183 |
After | 123.5 (16;792) | 41.5 (15;94) | 56.5 (22;166) | 95 (59;610) | 46.5 (17;91) | ||||||
Bacteria (CFU/cm2)1 | Before | 72.5 (9;294) | 0.234 | 32.5 (11;251) | 0.183 | 45 (3;179) | 0.141 | 15 (3;252) | 0.353 | 13.5 (0;39) | 0.036 |
After | 14.5 (3;60) | 4.5 (2;39) | 4 (0;6) | 2.5 (0;178) | 1 (0;14) | ||||||
Variation analysis2 | RLU | −78.4 (−95.6;-12.7) | 0.833 | −82.4 (−93;-30.2) | 0.713 | −87.1 (−95.6;-58.4) | 0.636 | −85 (−99.4;-34.3) | 0.713 | −52.1 (−99.1;78.3) | 0.271 |
CFU | − 84.2 (−96.3;122.2) | −88.5 (− 99.2;105.3) | −89.2 (−100;100) | −72 (−100;1680) | −94.9 (−100;0) | ||||||