Table 3 Univariable and multivariable model of association with a detectable viral load
Variables | N of each variable. N = 298. (% that had a detectable viral load) | Univariable logistic regression: Odds ratio (Confidence Interval) | Likelihood Ratio Test P value for univariable model | Multivariable Odds ratio (Confidence Interval) | Likelihood Ratio Test P value for multivariable model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.02 |
 25–34 | 75 (25) | 1.00 | 0.08 | 1.00 |  |
  ≥ 35 | 223 (16) | 0.57 (0.30–1.07) |  | 0.40 (0.19–0.84) |  |
Sex | |||||
 Male | 76 (22) | 1.00 | 0.32 | 1.00 | 0.02 |
 Female | 222 (17) | 0.72 (0.38–1.36) |  | 3.26 (1.17–9.04) |  |
Smoking | |||||
 Never smoked | 228 (14) | 1.00 | < 0.001 | 1.00 | < 0.001 |
 Ever smoked | 70 (34) | 3.32 (1,78–6.18) |  | 3.95 (1.53–10.18) |  |
BMI | |||||
 Obese | 109 (12) | 1.00 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.06 |
 Overweight | 82 (15) | 1.27 (0.54–2.94) |  | 1.15 (0.45–2.90) |  |
 Normal/Underweight | 107 (28) | 2.88 (1.40–5.89) |  | 2.57 (1.08–6.13) |  |
CD4 | |||||
 Low: 0–299 | 73 (41) | 1.00 | < 0.001 | 1.00 | < 0.001 |
 300–449 | 58 (19) | 0.34 (0.15–0.75) |  | 0.28 (0.12–0.67) |  |
 450–599 | 79 (9) | 0.14 (0.06–0.34) |  | 0.12 (0.05–0.33) |  |
 High: ≥600 | 88 (8) | 0.12 (0.05–0.31) |  | 0.12 (0.05–0.32) |  |
Presence of any comorbidity (indicator iv) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.15 |
 No | 168 (18) | 1.00 | 0.76 | 1.00 |  |
 Yes | 130 (19) | 1.09 (0.61–1.97) |  | 1.64 (0.84–3.23) |  |
Duration of ART | |||||
 0.5–2.5 | 81 (20) | 1.00 | 0.24 | – | – |
 2.6–4.0 | 73 (15) | 0.72 (0.31–1.67) |  |  |  |
 4.1–6.0 | 55 (27) | 1.52 (0.68–3.41) |  |  |  |
  > 6.0 | 89 (15) | 0.70 (0.31–1.55) |  |  |  |
Previous diagnosis of comorbidity from clinic folders (indicator i) | |||||
 No | 256 (18) | 1.00 | 0.92 | – | – |
 Yes | 42 (20) | 1.05 (0.46–2.41) |  |  |  |
Previous diagnosis of comorbidity from interview (indicator ii) | |||||
 No | 244 (19) | 1.00 | 0.44 | – | – |
 Yes | 54 (15) | 0.73 (0.32–1.65) |  |  |  |
Previous diagnosis of comorbidity from either clinic folder or interview (indicator iii) | |||||
 No | 240 (19) | 1.00 | 0.51 | – | – |
 Yes | 58 (15) | 0.77 (0.36–1.69) |  |  |  |
Diagnosis of hypertension on the day (N = 288) | |||||
 Not Hypertensive | 186 (17) | 1.00 | 0.49 | – | – |
 Hypertensive | 102 (21) | 1.25 (0.68–2.30) |  |  |  |
Number of comorbidities | |||||
 0 | 240 (19) | 1.00 | 0.45 |  |  |
 1 | 44 (16) | 0.79 (0.33–1.90) |  |  |  |
  ≥ 2 | 14 (14) | 0.70 (0.15 3.24) |  |  |  |