Patients with confirmed Lyme borreliosis | |
Inclusion criteria: | |
 • Patients ≥18 years with confirmed proven or probable early localized or disseminated Lyme borreliosis manifestation as specified in Additional file 1: Table S1; | |
 • In case of an EM reported at www.tekenradar.nl, the EM has been present < 3 months and the clinical diagnosis has been confirmed by the general practitioner (criteria for clinical diagnosis are described in Additional file 1: Table S1); | |
 • Subjects live or stay on the mainland of the Netherlands. | |
Exclusion criteria: | |
 • Subjects unable to provide informed consent or not having a sufficient command of the Dutch language; | |
 • Subjects who started antibiotic treatment > 4 days before inclusion (for subjects included through the website www.tekenradar.nl) or > 7 days before inclusion (for subjects included through the clinical expert centers for Lyme borreliosis); | |
 • Subjects who have ongoing signs or symptoms attributed to a previous episode of Lyme borreliosis. | |
Patients with unconfirmed Lyme borreliosis | |
Inclusion criteria: | |
 • Myalgia, arthralgia, neuralgia, concentration disorders, cognitive disturbances, with or without fatigue, present for ≥6 months at baseline | |
 • Severity of symptoms assessed by the CIS, SF-36 and/or CFQ questionnaire above the Dutch norm scores; | |
 • Subjects have a negative serological test for B. burgdorferi s.l. (IgG ELISA or C6 IgM/IgG ELISA), but have a history of an unconfirmed suspicion of Lyme disease, based on | |
  • a positive result for a non-recommended diagnostic test (e.g., cellular tests, CD57 analysis, viable blood analysis, bioresonance), or | |
  • onset of disease symptoms that have started within one month after a documented tick bite. | |
Exclusion criteria: | |
 • Subjects are unable to give informed consent or do not have sufficient command of the Dutch language. |