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Table 2 Predictors of attrition and virological failure on second-line ART

From: Retention in care and virological failure among adult HIV+ patients on second-line ART in Rwanda: a national representative study

Predictors

Multivariate analysis

Defaulting from care

Virological failure

Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Age category (years). Reference category Age 40–59 a

 15–29 years

0.85 (0.42, 1.71)

0.654

2.22 (1.46, 3.38)

< 0.001

 30–39 years

1.03 (0.58, 1.81)

0.930

1.45 (1.03, 2.05)

0.032

 60+ years

1.87 (0.80, 4.38)

0.147

0.74 (0.36, 1.53)

0.421

Sex a

 Male vs. female

0.87 (0.53, 1.43)

0.585

1.07 (0.80, 1.43)

0.644

Marital status. Reference category single a

 Married/Cohabitating

0.48 (0.26, 0.90)

0.023

0.96 (0.64, 1.45)

0.857

 Separated/Divorced

0.69 (0.24, 1.96)

0.487

0.56 (0.27, 1.14)

0.110

 Widowed

0.57 (0.24, 1.34)

0.197

0.71 (0.40, 1.26)

0.242

 Missing

0.31 (0.15, 0.65)

0.002

1.02 (0.68, 1.54)

0.916

ART initiation. Reference category 2009 and before a

 2010–2012

2.43 (1.47, 4.01)

0.001

  

 2013–2016

2.49 (1.00, 6.18)

0.049

  

TB Screening. Reference category TB negative +

 Positive

1.26 (0.64, 2.49)

0.504

1.40 (0.92, 2.13)

0.117

 No screening

3.04 (1.49, 6.22)

0.002

1.01 (0.54, 1.88)

0.979

BMI category. Reference category recommended weight +

 Underweight BMI<

1.94 (1.05, 3.57)

0.034

0.99 (0.66, 1.50)

0.965

 Overweight BMI >

1.23 (0.73, 2.06)

0.432

0.80 (0.59, 1.09)

0.155

CD4 Category +

  ≤ 500 copies vs. >  500 cells/mm3

2.12 (1.20, 3.75)

0.009

5.40 (3.75, 7.77)

< 0.001

WHO Stages. Reference category Stage 1–2 a

 Stage 3–4

1.22 (0.77, 1.96)

0.399

1.56 (1.18, 2.06)

0.002

 Missing

0.49 (0.06, 3.73)

0.489

1.36 (0.46, 3.99)

0.574

Second-line regimen +

 ATV/r + 2 NRTI vs. LPV/r + 2 NRTI

0.52 (0.29, 0.93)

0.027

1.48 (1.12, 1.95)

0.005

Viral load suppression +

  > 1000 copies/mL vs ≤ 1000 copies/mL

2.95 (1.83, 4.76)

< 0.001

  

Health facility types +

 HC vs. RH/PV

0.93 (0.52, 1.65)

0.799

1.55 (1.11, 2.17)

0.010

 DH vs. RH/PV

1.23 (0.68, 2.22)

0.496

0.92 (0.63, 1.34)

0.653

  1. a variable measured at initiation of ART, + variable measured at switch to second line ART
  2. CI confidence interval, DH district hospital, HC health centre, PH provincial hospital, RH regional hospital, TB tuberculosis, BMI body mass index, ART antiretroviral therapy, WHO World Health Organization, ATV/r ritonavir boosted atazanavir, LPV/r ritonavir boosted lopinavir, NRTI nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
  3. BMI categories: underweight ≤18.5 kg/m2, normal weight = 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, overweight& obesity =25 kg/m2 or greater
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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