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Table 3 Risk of bias in individual studies for combined Studies

From: Impact of physical exercises on immune function, bone mineral density, and quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Study

Sources/Potential sources of biasa

 

Selection bias

Performance bias

Detection bias

Bias due to attrition

Reporting bias

Other bias

Summary of bias

Quality indexb

Random sequence generation

Allocation conceal-ment

Participants and personnel blinding

Blinding of outcome assessment

Incomplete data

Selective reporting

   

Mutimura et al. 2008

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

–

High

Low

Farinatti et al. 2010

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

No

Small sample

Low

High

Galantino et al. 2005

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

–

High

Low

  1. The Cochrane’s tool was used to determine and summarize possible sources of risk of bias in the included studies (Cochrane 201) (Yes indicates the presence of or potential presence of a source of bias)
  2. a summary risk of bias in included studies was presented
  3. b studies were subsequently rated as low quality trials (i.e. having high risk of bias) or high quality trials (i.e. having low to moderate risk of bias if there was ≥3 or < 3 identifiable sources of bias respectively (Abaraogu et al. 2017)