Risk factor | 3GC susceptible(n = 543) | 3GC resistant (n = 133) | OR (95% CI) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age ≥ 65 years old | 313 (57.6) | 82 (61.7) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 0.400 |
Hospitalization within the past 1 year | 215 (39.6) | 90 (67.7) | 3.2 (2.1–4.8) | < 0.001 |
Exposure to antibiotics within the past 15 days | 32 (5.9) | 23 (17.3) | 3.3 (1.9–5.9) | < 0.001 |
Prior cephalosporin use within the past 15 days | 23 (4.2) | 11 (8.3) | 2.0 (1.0–4.3) | 0.061 |
Prior 3GC use within the past 15 days | 3 (0.6) | 3 (2.3) | 4.2 (0.8–20.8) | 0.083 |
Prior fluoroquinolone use within the past 15 days | 1 (0.2) | 4 (3.0) | 16.8(1.9–151.6) | 0.012 |
Neutropenia | 18 (3.3) | 7 (5.3) | 1.6 (0.7–4.0) | 0.290 |
Medical facility utilization: | ||||
 OPD for hypertension/ diabetes mellitus | 373 (68.7) | 100 (75.2) | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 0.144 |
 OPD for chemotherapy | 65 (12.0) | 30 (22.6) | 2.1 (1.3–3.5) | 0.002 |
 Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis | 14 (2.6) | 10 (7.5) | 3.1 (1.3–7.1) | 0.008 |
 Nursing home/Long-term care facility | 6 (1.1) | 6 (4.5) | 4.2 (1.3–13.3) | 0.014 |
Charlson comorbidity index ≥2 | 357 (65.8) | 104 (78.2) | 1.9 (1.2–2.9) | 0.006 |
Indwelling mucosal catheter: | ||||
 Urinary catheter | 41 (7.6) | 22 (16.5) | 2.4 (1.4–4.2) | 0.002 |
 Tracheostomy/endotracheal tube | 4 (0.7) | 2 (1.5) | 2.1 (0.4–11.4) | 0.408 |
 Nasogastric tube | 43 (7.9) | 14 (10.5) | 1.4 (0.7–2.6) | 0.334 |
Indwelling intravenous catheter: | ||||
 Central venous catheter | 24 (4.4) | 10 (7.5) | 1.8 (0.8–3.8) | 0.147 |
 Implantable port | 31 (5.7) | 19 (14.3) | 2.8 (1.5–5.0) | 0.001 |
Underlying disease: | ||||
 Cardiovascular | 283 (52.1) | 71 (53.4) | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) | 0.793 |
 Respiratory | 58 (10.7) | 18 (13.5) | 1.3 (0.7–2.3) | 0.352 |
 Gastrointestinal | 89 (16.4) | 30 (22.6) | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) | 0.096 |
 Hepatobiliary | 135 (24.9) | 36 (27.1) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 0.600 |
 Genitourinary | 112 (20.6) | 46 (34.6) | 2.0 (1.3–3.1) | 0.001 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 165 (30.4) | 53 (39.9) | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 0.037 |
 Malignancy | 181 (33.3) | 70 (52.6) | 2.2 (1.5–3.3) | < 0.001 |
Recent surgery | 10 (1.8) | 6 (4.5) | 2.5 (0.9–7.1) | 0.079 |
Nonurinary focus of infection | 261 (48.1) | 80 (60.2) | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | 0.013 |
Shock upon presentation | 78(14.4) | 29(21.8) | 1.7 (1.0–2.7) | 0.037 |