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Table 4 Univariate analysis of risk factors for community-onset 3GC-resistant Escherichia coli bacteremia

From: Prevalence of and risk factor for community-onset third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli bacteremia at a medical center in Taiwan

Risk factor

3GC susceptible(n = 543)

3GC resistant (n = 133)

OR (95% CI)

P value

Age ≥ 65 years old

313 (57.6)

82 (61.7)

1.2 (0.8–1.7)

0.400

Hospitalization within the past 1 year

215 (39.6)

90 (67.7)

3.2 (2.1–4.8)

< 0.001

Exposure to antibiotics within the past 15 days

32 (5.9)

23 (17.3)

3.3 (1.9–5.9)

< 0.001

Prior cephalosporin use within the past 15 days

23 (4.2)

11 (8.3)

2.0 (1.0–4.3)

0.061

Prior 3GC use within the past 15 days

3 (0.6)

3 (2.3)

4.2 (0.8–20.8)

0.083

Prior fluoroquinolone use within the past 15 days

1 (0.2)

4 (3.0)

16.8(1.9–151.6)

0.012

Neutropenia

18 (3.3)

7 (5.3)

1.6 (0.7–4.0)

0.290

Medical facility utilization:

 OPD for hypertension/ diabetes mellitus

373 (68.7)

100 (75.2)

1.4 (0.9–2.1)

0.144

 OPD for chemotherapy

65 (12.0)

30 (22.6)

2.1 (1.3–3.5)

0.002

 Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis

14 (2.6)

10 (7.5)

3.1 (1.3–7.1)

0.008

 Nursing home/Long-term care facility

6 (1.1)

6 (4.5)

4.2 (1.3–13.3)

0.014

Charlson comorbidity index ≥2

357 (65.8)

104 (78.2)

1.9 (1.2–2.9)

0.006

Indwelling mucosal catheter:

 Urinary catheter

41 (7.6)

22 (16.5)

2.4 (1.4–4.2)

0.002

 Tracheostomy/endotracheal tube

4 (0.7)

2 (1.5)

2.1 (0.4–11.4)

0.408

 Nasogastric tube

43 (7.9)

14 (10.5)

1.4 (0.7–2.6)

0.334

Indwelling intravenous catheter:

 Central venous catheter

24 (4.4)

10 (7.5)

1.8 (0.8–3.8)

0.147

 Implantable port

31 (5.7)

19 (14.3)

2.8 (1.5–5.0)

0.001

Underlying disease:

 Cardiovascular

283 (52.1)

71 (53.4)

1.1 (0.7–1.5)

0.793

 Respiratory

58 (10.7)

18 (13.5)

1.3 (0.7–2.3)

0.352

 Gastrointestinal

89 (16.4)

30 (22.6)

1.5 (0.9–2.4)

0.096

 Hepatobiliary

135 (24.9)

36 (27.1)

1.1 (0.7–1.7)

0.600

 Genitourinary

112 (20.6)

46 (34.6)

2.0 (1.3–3.1)

0.001

 Diabetes mellitus

165 (30.4)

53 (39.9)

1.5 (1.0–2.2)

0.037

 Malignancy

181 (33.3)

70 (52.6)

2.2 (1.5–3.3)

< 0.001

Recent surgery

10 (1.8)

6 (4.5)

2.5 (0.9–7.1)

0.079

Nonurinary focus of infection

261 (48.1)

80 (60.2)

1.6 (1.1–2.4)

0.013

Shock upon presentation

78(14.4)

29(21.8)

1.7 (1.0–2.7)

0.037

  1. Abbreviations: 3GC third-generation cephalosporin, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, OPD outpatient department