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Table 2 Results of univariable and multivariable analyses of factors associated with log10 of viral load

From: Schistosomiasis and HIV-1 viral load in HIV-infected outpatients with immunological failure in Tanzania: a case-control study

Variable

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysis

Slope coefficient [95%CI]

p-value

Slope coefficient [95%CI]

p-value

Female

0.6 [0.07;1.2]

0.029

0.6 [0.05;1.2]

0.034

Age (as a continuous variable)

− 0.02 [− 0.05;0.006]

0.11

  

Level of education

 Informal

Ref

   

 Any primary schooling

0.2 [− 0.5;0.9]

0.56

  

 Any secondary schooling

−0.08 [− 1.8;1.6]

0.92

  

 Any university

0.03 [− 0.98;1.04]

0.95

  

Time on ART

 6 m-1y

Ref

   

 1–2y

−1.6 [−4.0;0.8]

0.20

  

 2–3y

−1.0 [− 3.4;1.4]

0.40

  

 >3y

− 0.7 [− 3.0;1.6]

0.53

  

History of change ART Regimen

0.2 [− 0.4;0.8]

0.42

  

Highest/Peak CD4 (cells/μL)

 < 200

Ref

   

 200–500

−0.8 [− 1.6;-0.05]

0.037

  

 500–1000

− 1.1 [− 1.9;-0.3]

0.011

  

 > 1000

−3.0 [− 6.2;0.2]

0.068

  

Current CD4 (cells/μL)

 < 100

Ref

 

Ref

 

 100–200

− 0.5 [− 1.2;0.08]

0.090

−0.5 [− 1.1;0.2]

0.15

 200–300

−1.4 [−2.2;-0.7]

< 0.001

-1.3 [− 2.1;-0.5]

0.001

 > 300

-2.8 [−5.0;-0.6]

0.014

-3.0 [− 5.2;-0.8]

0.007

History of stopping ART

−0.05 [− 0.7;0.6]

0.89

  

Use of herbal/alternative medicine

−0.1 [− 0.7;0.4]

0.61

  

Other comorbidities

 None

Ref

   

 Hypertension

−0.7 [− 1.9;0.6]

0.30

  

 Others (Diabetes, heart failure, asthma etc.)

−0.7 [− 2.2;0.8]

0.34

  

Anemia

0.8 [0.3–1.4]

0.005

  

Schistosome positivity

0.15 [− 0.5;0.8]

0.63

0.1 [−0.4;0.7]

0.68

Ln of CAA (in ln pg/mL)

0.03 [−0.04;0.1]

0.42

  

Years infected with HIV-1

0.1 [0.01;0.2]

0.027

0.06 [−0.06;0.2]

0.32