Table 1 Demographic statistics (n = 550)
Total | Recent Diarrhea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Freq | % | No | Yes | Χ2 | |
Outcome | |||||
Recent diarrhea in household | 91 | 16.5 | 459 | 91 | – |
Proportion children < 5 years | 44 | 8.0 | 506 | 44 | – |
Socio-Economic Factors | |||||
Age (continuous) | 32.2 (8.36) | – | – | – | 1.03**† |
Education | 1.79 | ||||
Less than complete primary | 102 | 18.5 | 86 | 16 | |
Completed primary | 136 | 24.7 | 112 | 24 | |
Some secondary | 122 | 22.2 | 98 | 24 | |
Completed secondary | 190 | 34.5 | 163 | 27 | |
Employed | 250 | 45.5 | 198 | 52 | 6.01* |
Married | 299 | 54.4 | 253 | 46 | 0.64 |
Has children | 449 | 81.6 | 363 | 86 | 12.05** |
Household income | 12.27** | ||||
Less than Ksh 5000/month (US$50) | 138 | 25.1 | 118 | 20 | |
Between Ksh 5000-10,000/month | 278 | 50.5 | 218 | 60 | |
More than Ksh 10,000/month | 134 | 24.4 | 123 | 11 | |
Toilet descriptors | |||||
Sanitation Profiles | 46.67*** | ||||
Profile 1: Day - toilet for urine/feces; night - toilet for urine/feces | 137 | 24.9 | 122 | 15 | |
Profile 2: Day - toilet for urine/feces; night - bags/buckets/OD for urine/feces | 148 | 26.9 | 129 | 19 | |
Profile 3: Day - toilet for feces, bags/buckets/OD for urine; night - bags/buckets/OD for urine/feces | 120 | 21.8 | 76 | 44 | |
Profile 4: Day - toilet for urine/feces; night - toilet for feces, bags/buckets/OD for urine | 66 | 12.0 | 58 | 8 | |
Profile 5: Day - bags/buckets/OD for urine/feces; night - bags/buckets/OD for urine/feces | 79 | 14.4 | 74 | 5 | |
Relies on public toilet at least once in a 24-h period | 279 | 50.7 | 217 | 62 | 13.21*** |
Water source | |||||
Primary water source | 2.02 | ||||
Tap inside home/building | 74 | 13.5 | 62 | 12 | |
Tap outside home/building | 89 | 16.2 | 70 | 19 | |
Public tap or well | 312 | 56.7 | 265 | 47 | |
Tanker/vendor | 75 | 13.6 | 62 | 13 | |
Toilet hygiene and accessibility | |||||
Toilet(s) are clean | 340 | 61.8 | 293 | 47 | 4.78* |
Toilet(s) have running water/water for hygiene | 184 | 33.5 | 163 | 21 | 5.27* |
Maximum number of people sharing toilet(s) (continuous) | 152.4 (219.37) | – | – | – | 1.001**† |
Maximum walk time to toilet(s) | 12.64** | ||||
Does not go outside | 146 | 26.5 | 132 | 14 | |
2 min or less | 212 | 38.5 | 164 | 48 | |
Between 3 and 4 min | 85 | 15.5 | 69 | 16 | |
At least 5 min | 107 | 19.5 | 94 | 13 | |
WASH knowledge and practices | |||||
Uses disinfectant (e.g. soap) to wash hands | 453 | 82.4 | 378 | 75 | 0.00 |
Treats drinking water | 179 | 32.5 | 161 | 18 | 8.09** |
Uses something other than tissue for anal cleansing | 236 | 42.9 | 183 | 53 | 10.46** |
WASH knowledge score (continuous) | 13.1 (4.08) | – | – | – | 1.05† |