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Table 1 Univariate and Multiple Logistic Regression Analyses of S. pneumoniae Detection in the Nasopharynx by Explanatory Variables

From: An alarmingly high nasal carriage rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19F non-susceptible to multiple beta-lactam antimicrobials among Vietnamese children

Variables

Pneumococcal carriage (+)

Pneumococcal carriage (−)

Subtotal

Odds ratio (95% CI) (univariate)

P

Odds ratio (95% CI) (multiple)

P

Gender

 Male

161 (34.1%)

311

472

0.92 (0.69–1.23)

0.5874

0.85 (0.63–1.14)

0.2725

 Female

124 (35.9%)

221

345

Age group

 6–11 m

74 (39.8%)

112

186

Reference

 

0.63 (0.43–0.93)*

0.0203

 1–2 yr

175 (37.1%)

297

472

0.89 (0.63–1.26)

0.5189

  ≥ 3 yr

36 (22.6%)

123

159

0.44 (0.28–0.71)

0.0007

Daycare attendance

 Yes

156 (37.9%)

256

412

1.30 (0.98–1.74)

0.0714

1.56 (1.13–2.17)

0.0073

 No

129 (31.9%)

276

405

Situation

 ARI

190 (39.1%)

296

486

1.59 (1.18–2.15)

0.0022

1.33 (0.93–1.90)

0.1137

 Healthy children

95 (28.7%)

236

331

Living in a large family (≥ 5 persons)

 Yes

153 (34.9%)

286

439

1.00 (0.75–1.33)

0.9836

  

 No

132 (34.9%)

246

378

Prior antibiotic use

 Yes

100 (43.7%)

129

229

1.69 (1.23–2.31)

0.0010

1.42 (0.98–2.05)

0.0621

 No or unknown

185 (31.5%)

403

588

Season

 Apr-Jun 2008

41 (38.3%)

66

107

Reference

   

 Jul-Sept 2008

142 (31.8%)

305

447

0.75 (0.48–1.16)

0.1956

  

 Oct-Dec 2008

54 (41.2%)

77

131

1.13 (0.67–1.90)

0.6491

  

 Jan-Mar 2009

48 (36.4%)

84

132

0.92 (0.54–1.56)

0.7560

  
  1. This analysis was performed after exclusion of ARI cases in children under 6 m of age. *: ≥ 1 yr. vs < 1 yr