No. exposed | Total cases | Percent (%) | Odds Ratio | 95% confidence interval | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a. Healthcare-associated exposures | ||||||
1. Received therapeutic injection* | ||||||
HAV | 1939 | 7800 | 24.9% | Ref | Ref | Ref |
HBV | 72 | 203 | 35.5% | 1.7 | 1.2–2.3 | < 0.001 |
HCV | 90 | 233 | 38.6% | 1.9 | 1.5–2.5 | < 0.001 |
Unspecified acute hepatitis | 309 | 945 | 32.7% | 1.5 | 1.3–1.7 | < 0.001 |
Total | 2410 | 9181 | 30.9% | NA | NA | NA |
2. Wound suture | ||||||
HAV | 105 | 7806 | 1.3% | Ref | Ref | Ref |
HBV | 7 | 238 | 2.9% | 2.2 | 1.0–4.8 | 0.05 |
HCV | 11 | 252 | 4.4% | 3.3 | 1.8–6.3 | < 0.001 |
Unspecified acute hepatitis | 22 | 959 | 2.3% | 1.7 | 1.1–2.7 | 0.02 |
Total | 145 | 9255 | 1.6% | NA | NA | NA |
3. Blood transfusion | ||||||
HAV | 7 | 7806 | 0.1% | Ref | Ref | Ref |
HBV | 2 | 238 | 0.8% | 9.4 | 2.0–45.7 | 0.03 |
HCV | 5 | 252 | 2.0% | 22.6 | 7.1–71.6 | < 0.001 |
Unspecified acute hepatitis | 12 | 959 | 1.3% | 14.1 | 5.5–35.9 | < 0.001 |
Total | 26 | 9255 | 0.3% | NA | NA | NA |
4. Insertion of urinary catheter | ||||||
HAV | 14 | 7806 | 0.2% | Ref | Ref | Ref |
HBV | 7 | 238 | 2.9% | 16.9 | 6.7–42.2 | < 0.001 |
HCV | 3 | 252 | 1.2% | 6.7 | 1.9–23.5 | 0.01 |
Unspecified acute hepatitis | 28 | 959 | 2.9% | 16.7 | 8.8–32.8 | < 0.001 |
Total | 52 | 9255 | 0.6% | NA | NA | NA |
5. Insertion of IV line | ||||||
HAV | 172 | 7806 | 2.2% | Ref | Ref | Ref |
HBV | 21 | 238 | 8.8% | 4.3 | 2.7–6.9 | < 0.001 |
HCV | 26 | 252 | 10.3% | 5.1 | 3.3–7.9 | < 0.001 |
Unspecified acute hepatitis | 84 | 959 | 8.8% | 4.3 | 3.2–5.6 | < 0.001 |
Total | 303 | 9255 | 3.3% | NA | NA | NA |
6. Surgery | ||||||
HAV | 110 | 7806 | 1.4% | Ref | Ref | Ref |
HBV | 10 | 238 | 4.2% | 3.1 | 1.6–5.9 | < 0.01 |
HCV | 13 | 252 | 5.2% | 3.8 | 2.0–6.7 | < 0.001 |
Unspecified acute hepatitis | 47 | 959 | 4.9% | 3.6 | 2.5–5.1 | < 0.001 |
Total | 180 | 9255 | 1.9% | NA | NA | NA |
7. Dental procedures | ||||||
HAV | 492 | 7806 | 6.3% | Ref | Ref | Ref |
HBV | 17 | 238 | 7.1% | 1.1 | 0.7–1.9 | 0.3 |
HCV | 23 | 252 | 9.1% | 1.5 | 0.9–2.3 | 0.05 |
Unspecified acute hepatitis | 74 | 959 | 7.7% | 1.2 | 0.9–1.6 | 0.05 |
Total | 606 | 9255 | 6.5% | NA | NA | NA |
b. Lifestyle exposures | ||||||
1. Exposure to blood outside health facilities | ||||||
HAV | 33 | 7806 | 0.4% | Ref | Ref | Ref |
HBV | 11 | 238 | 4.6% | 11.4 | 5.7–22.9 | < 0.001 |
HCV | 6 | 252 | 2.4% | 5.7 | 2.4–13.8 | < 0.01 |
Unspecified acute hepatitis | 12 | 959 | 1.3% | 3 | 1.5–6.0 | < 0.01 |
Total | 62 | 9255 | 0.7% | NA | NA | NA |
2. Being imprisoned in last 6 months | ||||||
HAV | 12 | 7806 | 0.2% | Ref | Ref | Ref |
HBV | 5 | 238 | 2.1% | 13.9 | 4.9–39.9 | < 0.001 |
HCV | 4 | 252 | 1.6% | 10.5 | 3.4–32.7 | < 0.001 |
Unspecified acute hepatitis | 3 | 959 | 0.3% | 2.0 | 0.6–7.2 | 0.2 |
Total | 24 | 9255 | 0.3% | NA | NA | NA |
3. IV drug use | ||||||
HAV | 6 | 7806 | 0.1% | Ref | Ref | Ref |
HBV | 35 | 238 | 14.7% | 224.1 | 39.2–538.8 | < 0.001 |
HCV | 19 | 252 | 7.5% | 106 | 41.9–267.8 | < 0.001 |
Unspecified acute hepatitis | 14 | 959 | 1.5% | 19.3 | 7.4–50.2 | < 0.001 |
Total | 74 | 9255 | 0.8% | NA | NA | NA |
4. Share tooth brushes | ||||||
HAV | 118 | 7806 | 1.5% | Ref | Ref | Ref |
HBV | 3 | 238 | 1.3% | 0.8 | 0.3–2.6 | 0.5 |
HCV | 3 | 252 | 1.2% | 0.8 | 0.2–2.5 | 0.5 |
Unspecified acute hepatitis | 6 | 959 | 0.6% | 0.4 | 0.2–0.9 | 0.01 |
Total | 130 | 9255 | 1.4% | NA | NA | NA |
5. Share razors (for males) | ||||||
HAV | 39 | 4541 | 0.9% | Ref | Ref | Ref |
HBV | 9 | 183 | 4.9% | 6 | 2.8–12.5 | < 0.001 |
HCV | 3 | 191 | 1.6% | 1.8 | 0.6–6.0 | 0.2 |
Unspecified acute hepatitis | 14 | 514 | 2.7% | 3.2 | 1.7–6.0 | < 0.001 |
Total | 65 | 5429 | 1.2% | NA | NA | NA |
6. At military service (for males) | ||||||
HAV | 17 | 4541 | 0.4% | Ref | Ref | Ref |
HBV | 5 | 183 | 2.7% | 7.5 | 2.7–20.5 | 0.001 |
HCV | 0 | 191 | 0.0% | NA | NA | NA |
Unspecified acute hepatitis | 2 | 514 | 0.4% | 1 | 0.2–4.5 | 0.4 |
Total | 24 | 5429 | 0.4% | NA | NA | NA |
7. Labor or abortion (for females) | ||||||
HAV | 12 | 3265 | 0.4% | Ref | Ref | Ref |
HBV | 5 | 55 | 9.1% | 27.1 | 9.2–79.8 | < 0.001 |
HCV | 2 | 61 | 3.3% | 9.2 | 2.0–42.0 | 0.01 |
Unspecified acute hepatitis | 36 | 445 | 8.1% | 23.8 | 12.3–46.2 | < 0.001 |
Total | 55 | 3826 | 1.4% | NA | NA | NA |
c. Fecal-oral exposures | ||||||
1. Attending nursery | ||||||
HAV | 1368 | 7806 | 17.5% | |||
Non-HAVα | 38 | 1449 | 2.6% | 7.9 | 5.8–10.9 | < 0.001 |
Total | 1406 | 9255 | 15.2% | |||
2. Contact with person attending nursery | ||||||
HAV | 1780 | 7806 | 22.8% | |||
Non-HAVα | 209 | 1449 | 14.4% | 1.8 | 1.5–2.0 | < 0.001 |
Total | 1989 | 9255 | 21.5% | |||
3. Contact with a case of HAV | ||||||
HAV | 617 | 7806 | 7.9% | |||
Non-HAVα | 25 | 1449 | 1.7% | 4.9 | 3.3–7.3 | < 0.001 |
Total | 642 | 9255 | 6.9% | |||
4. Eat meals outside home | ||||||
HAV | 6514 | 7806 | 83.4% | |||
Non-HAVα | 1055 | 1449 | 72.8% | 1.9 | 1.7–2.1 | < 0.001 |
Total | 7569 | 9255 | 81.8% | |||
5. Animal exposure | ||||||
HAV | 850 | 7806 | 10.9% | |||
Non-HAVα | 128 | 1449 | 8.8% | 1.3 | 1.0–1.5 | 0.02 |
Total | 978 | 9255 | 10.6% |