|
ABs
|
Enterococcus spp
b
|
Enterobacteriaceae
|
Totala
|
P value
|
Overall
|
|---|
|
MDR (n = 12)
|
Non-MDR (n = 22)
|
MDR (n = 18)
|
Non-MDR (n = 4)
|
MDR (n = 35)
|
Non-MDR (n = 30)
|
n = 65
|
|---|
|
AMP
|
8/11 (72.7)
|
2/20 (10.0)
|
16/18(88.9)
|
4/4 (100)
|
29/34(85.3)
|
10/28 (35.7)
|
0.000
|
39/62 (62.9)
|
|
AMX
|
8/11 (72.7)
|
2/20 (10.0)
|
16/18(88.9)
|
4/4 (100)
|
29/34 (85.3)
|
9/27 (33.3)
|
0.000
|
38/61 (62.3)
|
|
AMP-SL
|
1/2 (50.0)
|
1/6 (50.0)
|
16/18(88.9)
|
4/4 (100)
|
8/12 (66.7)
|
3/8 (37.5)
|
0.362
|
11/20 (55.0)
|
|
AM-CL
|
7/9 (77.8)
|
2/14 (14.3)
|
16/18(88.9)
|
2/4 (50.0)
|
26/30(86.7)
|
7/22 (31.8)
|
0.000
|
33/52 (63.5)
|
|
P-TZ
|
2/2 (100)
|
0/2 (0)
|
5/13 (38.5)
|
1/3 (33.3)
|
9/17 (52.9)
|
1/7 (14.3)
|
0.172
|
10/24 (41.7)
|
|
MER
|
4/5 (80.0)
|
0/4 (0)
|
6/15 (40.0)
|
1/3 (33.3)
|
14/24(58.3)
|
1/9 (11.1)
|
0.021
|
15/33 (45.4)
|
|
IMI
|
6/7 (85.7)
|
1/6 (16.7)
|
5/13 (38.5)
|
0/3 (0)
|
16/25(64.0)
|
1/11 (9.1)
|
0.003
|
17/36(47.2)
|
|
ERT
|
4/4 (100)
|
0/4 (0)
|
8/13 (61.5)
|
1/2 (50.0)
|
17/22(77.3)
|
3/8 (37.5)
|
0.078
|
20/30 (66.7)
|
|
CFAZ
|
–
|
–
|
16/16 (100)
|
1/3 (33.3)
|
32/32 (100)
|
20/23 (86.9)
|
0.068
|
52/55 (94.5)
|
|
CEPH
|
–
|
–
|
18/18 (100)
|
1/4 (25.0)
|
35/35 (100)
|
21/25 (84.0)
|
0.026
|
56/60 (93.3)
|
|
CEFU
|
–
|
–
|
16/16 (100)
|
1/4 (25.0)
|
32/32 (100)
|
21/26 (80.8)
|
0.014
|
53/58 (91.4)
|
|
CEFO
|
–
|
–
|
16/17(94.1)
|
1/4 (25.0)
|
32/33(97.0)
|
21/25 (84.0)
|
0.154
|
53/58 (91.4)
|
|
CFTX
|
–
|
–
|
17/17 (100)
|
1/4 (25.0)
|
33/33 (100)
|
21/25 (84.0)
|
0.030
|
54/58 (93.1)
|
|
CFTA
|
–
|
–
|
18/18 (100)
|
1/3 (33.3)
|
33/34(97.0)
|
20/24 (83.3)
|
0.004
|
53/58 (91.4)
|
|
CEFP
|
–
|
–
|
18/18 (100)
|
1/4 (25.0)
|
33/34(97.0)
|
20/24 (83.3)
|
0.149
|
53/58 (91.4)
|
|
AMI
|
1/1 (100)
|
1/3 (33.3)
|
4/16 (25.0)
|
1/3 (33.3)
|
8/20 (40.0)
|
2/10 (20.0)
|
0.419
|
10/30 (33.3)
|
|
GEN
|
4/8 (50.0)
|
3/6 (50.0)
|
7/13 (53.8)
|
1/4 (25.0)
|
14/25(56.0)
|
4/12 (33.3)
|
0.295
|
18/37 (48.6)
|
|
CIP
|
11/11(100)
|
12/13 (92.3)
|
10/13(76.9)
|
1/4 (25.0)
|
23/26(88.5)
|
13/19 (68.4)
|
0.137
|
36/45 (80.0)
|
|
LEVO
|
1/1 (100)
|
2/2 (100)
|
3/3 (100)
|
1/3 (33.3)
|
5/5 (100)
|
3/7 (42.8)
|
0.081
|
8/12 (66.7)
|
|
VAN
|
5/12 (41.7)
|
2/21 (9.5)
|
1/5 (20.0)
|
1/1 (100)
|
7/20 (35.0)
|
3/23 (13.0)
|
0.148
|
10/43 (23.2)
|
|
TEI
|
7/12 (58.3)
|
1/21 (4.8)
|
1/5 (20.0)
|
1/1 (100)
|
10/19(52.6)
|
2/22 (9.1)
|
0.005
|
12/41 (29.3)
|
|
T-SX
|
1/2 (50.0)
|
2/4 (50.0)
|
1/5 (20.0)
|
1/1 (100)
|
19/24(79.2)
|
7/11 (63.6)
|
0.416
|
26/35 (74.3)
|
|
NIF
|
6/8 (75.0)
|
2/6 (33.3)
|
5/5 (100)
|
1/2 (50.0)
|
11/15(73.3)
|
3/8 (37.5)
|
0.179
|
14/23 (60.9)
|
|
LIN
|
1/4 (25.0)
|
0/5 (0)
|
1/7 (14.3)
|
1/1 (100)
|
1/7 (14.3)
|
1/7 (14.3)
|
1.000
|
2/14 (14.3)
|
|
TIG
|
1/3 (33.3)
|
0/3 (0)
|
0/1 (0)
|
1/2 (50.0)
|
1/6 (16.7)
|
1/5 (20.0)
|
1.000
|
2/11 (18.2)
|
- Notes: This table shows the resistance rates to most commonly used antibiotics in clinical practice with comparison between MDR and non MDR pathogens. b due to the intrinsic cephalosporin resistance, data are not shown for enterococci but are included in totals and the overall analysis. aAcinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Moraxella catarrhalis, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus included in analysis but not shown. ABs stands for antibiotics; AMP Ampicillin, AMX Amoxicillin, AMP-SL Ampicillin sulbactam, AM-CL Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, P-TZ Piperacillin-tazobactam, MER Meropenem, IMI Imipenem, ERT Ertapenem, CFAZ Cefazolin, CEPH Cephalexin, CEFU Cefuroxime, CEFO Cefotaxime, CFTX Ceftriaxone, CFTA Ceftazidime, CEFP Cefepime, AMI Amikacin, GEN Gentamicin, CIP Ciprofloxacin, LEVO Levofloxacin, VAN Vancomycin, TEI Teicoplanin, T-SX Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, NIF Nitrofurantoin, LIN Linezolid, and TIG Tigecycline
