Risk factors for contagious gastroenteritis in adult patients with diarrhoea in the emergency department - a prospective observational multicentre study

Skyum, Florence; Pedersen, Court; Andersen, Vibeke; Chen, Ming; Franke, Andreas; Petersen, Detlev; Ries, Wolfgang; Mogensen, Christian Backer

doi:10.1186/s12879-019-3754-4

Table 2 Risk factors for Norovirus or C. difficile infection

From: Risk factors for contagious gastroenteritis in adult patients with diarrhoea in the emergency department - a prospective observational multicentre study

	Norovirus						C. difficile
	Negative patients		Positive patients		OR	95% CI	Negative patients		Positive patients		OR	95% CI
	n	%	n	%			n	%	n	%
Total	142	87	21	13			149	87	22	13
Sex
Female	89	97	3	3	1		81	87	13	14	1
Male	53	75	18	25	10	2.8–36.5	68	89	9	12	0.8	0.3–2.0
Age (years)
17–45	27	77	8	23	1		36	95	2	5	1
46–65	31	91	3	9	0.3	0.1–1.4	32	94	2	6	1.1	0.1–8.5
66–75	36	92	5	13	0.4	0.1–1.4	36	90	4	10	2	0.3–11.6
76–99	48	91	5	9	0.4	0.1–1.1	42	75	14	25	6	1.3–28.2
Medical History
Duration of diarrhoea
1 day	26	63	15	37	1		39	95	2	5	1
2–3 days	44	92	4	8	0.2	0.05–0.5	47	96	2	4	0.8	0.1–6.2
> 3 days	67	97	2	3	0.05	0.01–0.2	60	79	16	21	5.2	1.1–23.9
Number of defaecation on day of onset
1–3 defaecations	38	90	4	10	1		40	93	3	7	1
4–10 defaecations	69	87	10	13	1.4	0.4–4.7	66	80	17	20	3.4	0.9–12.5
> 10 defaecations	29	81	7	19	2.3	0.6–8.6	36	97	1	3	0.4	0.03–3.7
Duration of vomiting
No vomitting	51	88	7	12	1		49	83	10	17	1
1 day	33	73	12	27	2.6	0.9–7.4	48	98	1	2	0.1	0.01–0.8
> 1 day	53	96	2	4	0.3	0.05–1.4	49	86	8	14	0.8	0.3–2.2
Number of vomits on day of onset
No vomitting	55	90	6	10	1		55	86	9	14	1
1–3 vomtis	38	95	2	5	0.5	0.1–2.5	36	84	7	16	1.2	0.4–3.5
4–10 vomits	25	83	5	17	1.8	0.5–6.6	29	94	2	6	0.4	0.1–2.1
> 10 vomits	10	63	6	38	5.5	1.5–20.5	16	100	0	0	1 omitted
Mucus in stools
No mucus	63	90	7	10	1		68	93	5	7	1
Patient reports mucus prior to admission	28	90	3	10	1.0	0.2–4.0	27	79	7	21	3.5	1.02–12.1
Adominal pain
No pain	45	88	6	12	1		49	84	9	16	1
Presense of abdominal pain	94	86	15	14	1.2	0.4–3.3	97	89	12	11	0.7	0.3–1.7
Travel
No travel activity	108	87	16	13	1		110	85	19	15	1
Travel within Northern Europe	10	77	3	23	2.0	0.5–8.1	13	93	1	7	0.4	0.1–3.6
Travel within Southern and Eastern Europe	13	93	1	7	0.5	0.1–4.2	13	93	1	7	0.4	0.1–3.6
Travel outside Europe	9	90	1	10	0.8	0.1–6.3	11	100	0	0	1 omitted
Antibiotic Treatment
No antibiotic treatment	93	83	19	17	1		109	96	4	4	1
Recently/at admission	13	93	1	7	0.4	0.1–3.1	10	63	6	38	16.4	3.9–67.7
One week previous admission	11	100	0	0	1 omitted		8	67	4	33	13.6	2.8–64.9
One month previous admission	11	92	1	8	0.4	0.1–3.7	7	54	6	46	23.4	5.3–102.4
Two months previous admission	4	100	0	0	1 omitted		4	100	0	0	1 omitted
Contact to others with GE symptoms
No contact to others	117	89	15	11	1		121	86	19	14
Contact to others	16	76	5	24	2.4	0.8–7.6	21	100	0	0	1 omitted
Epidemic risk
No other positive sample within the last week in the ED	104	90	11	10	1		113	86	18	14	1
Other positive sample within the last week in the ED	37	79	10	21	2.6	1.0–6.5	35	90	4	10	0.7	0.2–2.3
Vital signs
Systolic blood pressure
100–140 mmHg	91	83	18	17	1		101	89	12	11	1
> 140 mmHg	38	93	3	7	0.4	0.1–1.5	38	86	6	14	1.3	0.5–3.8
< 100 mmHg	10	100	0	0	1 omitted		7	70	3	30	3.6	0.8. 16
Pulse
60–100/min	96	84	18	16	1		109	91	11	9	1
> 100/ min	30	91	3	9	0.5	0.1–2.0	28	80	7	20	2.5	0.8–6.9
< 60/min	9	100	0	0	1 omitted		6	67	3	33	4.9	1.1–22.6
Temperature
36.5–37.5 °C	66	92	6	8	1		66	86	11	14	1
37.5–38.5 °C	35	80	9	20	2.8	0.9–8.5	39	89	5	11	0.7	0.2–2.3
> 38.5 °C	18	86	3	14	1.8	0.4–8.0	21	95	1	5	0.3	0.03–2.3
< 36.5 °C	18	86	3	14	1.8	0.4–8.0	19	86	3	14	0.9	0.2–3.7

OR Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Intervall

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-2334

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcinfectiousdiseases@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: ORSupport@springernature.com

BMC Infectious Diseases

Contact us