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Table 3 Risk factors of urinary schistosomiasis peculiar to school children

From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: The epidemiology and chemotherapeutic approaches to the control of urinary schistosomiasis in school-age children (SAC): a systematic review

Risk factor

Category

References

Age

7─9

[62]

5─10

[79]

10─12

[55]

12─14

[56]

11─15

[53]

5─15

[69]

6─15

[78]

13─16

[74]

Gender

Male

[49, 53, 54, 62, 63, 65, 67, 75, 78,79,80]

Female

[64, 73, 74]

Recreational activities

Swimming/play in shallow water

[54, 73]

Water sourcing for domestic use

*Unwholesome water sources

[54, 62, 67, 72, 73, 81]

Parental occupation/Farm-related activities

Farming

[54, 57, 73, 75]

Fishing

[54, 57, 62, 67, 73]

Brown collar jobs

[54, 67]

House wives

[54]

Irrigation

[20]

Parental educational status

Illiteracy

[72, 73]

Proximity of residence to infested water

 

[71, 72, 81]

Altitude

Valley

[68]

Lack of sewage disposal facilities

Toilet

[72]

Changing global climate

 

[20]

  1. *Rivers, streams, ponds, and dams