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Table 2 Comparison of the groups with high and low IFN-γ and IL-6 levels among the patients on ART at entry

From: Clinical characteristics of HIV-1-infected patients with high levels of plasma interferon-γ: a multicenter observational study

 

High IFN-γ

Low IFN-γ

P-value

High IL-6

Low IL-6

P-value

N

39

149

 

38

150

 

Age (year), median [IQR]

40 [33–44]

43 [36–52]

0.0349*

45 [37–53]

42 [35–51]

0.2683

Age < 50 (n, %)

35 (90%)

101 (68%)

0.0051*

25 (66%)

111 (74%)

0.3166

Males (n, %)

39 (100%)

146 (98%)

1.000

38 (100%)

147 (98%)

1.000

Assumed route of HIV-1 infection (n, %)

  

0.7044

  

0.1995

 Homosexual

34 (87%)

123 (83%)

 

35 (92%)

122 (81%)

 

 Heterosexual

4 (10%)

23 (15%)

 

2 (5%)

25 (17%)

 

 Others

1 (3%)

3 (2%)

 

1 (3%)

3 (2%)

 

Japanese (n, %)

38 (97%)

148 (99%)

0.3727

38 (100%)

148 (99%)

1.0000

CD4+ cell count (cell/μL), median [IQR]

491 [396–659]

535 [443–736]

0.271

531 [419–711]

538[442–735]

0.5293

HIV-1-RNA level (copies/mL), median [IQR]

< 20 [< 20–< 20]

< 20 [< 20–< 20]

0.5856

< 20 [< 20–< 20]

< 20 [< 20–< 20]

0.9208

Abacavir use (n, %)

7 (18%)

52 (35%)

0.0523

9 (24%)

50 (33%)

0.3285

Tenofovir use (n, %)

30 (77%)

92 (62%)

0.0911

28 (74%)

94 (63%)

0.2548

Protease inhibitor use (n, %)

10 (26%)

65 (44%)

0.0449*

14 (37%)

61 (41%)

0.7140

 Darunavir use (n, %)

10 (26%)

51 (34%)

0.3428

9 (24%)

52 (35%)

0.2458

 Atazanavir use (n, %)

0 (0%)

4 (3%)

0.5820

1 (3%)

3 (2%)

1.0000

 Lopinavir use (n, %)

0 (0%)

5 (4%)

0.5854

3 (8%)

2 (1%)

0.0571

 Fosamprenavir use (n, %)

0 (0%)

5 (3%)

0.5854

1 (3%)

4 (3%)

1.0000

Integrase inhibitor use (n, %)

24 (62%)

73 (49%)

0.2079

24 (63%)

73 (49%)

0.1457

Duration of ART (year), median [IQR]

3.8 [1.8–6.3]

4.4 [2.4–6.6]

0.2283

3.4 [1.8–5.9]

4.4 [2.5–6.7]

0.0438*

Frequency of ART exchange, median [IQR]

0 [0–1]

1 [0–2]

0.4936

0 [0–1]

1 [0–2]

0.0607

Comorbidities

 Chronic renal disease (n, %)

3 (8%)

18 (12%)

0.5747

2 (5%)

19 (13%)

0.2572

 Chronic hepatitis B (n, %)

3 (8%)

13 (9%)

1.0000

2 (5%)

14 (9%)

0.5333

 Dyslipidemia (n, %)

6 (15%)

49 (33%)

0.0476*

12 (31%)

43 (29%)

0.6957

 Statin use (n, %)

1 (3%)

13 (9%)

0.3072

1 (3%)

13 (9%)

0.3078

 Hypertension (n, %)

3 (8%)

18 (12%)

0.5747

6 (16%)

15 (10%)

0.3850

 Diabetes mellitus (n, %)

1 (3%)

12 (8%)

0.3088

6 (16%)

7 (5%)

0.0266*

Laboratory test

 Serum C-reactive protein (mg/dL)

0.05 [0.02–0.10]

0.06 [0.03–0.17]

0.2224

0.10 [0.04–0.46]

0.05 [0.03–0.11]

0.0073*

  1. Abbreviations: IQR = interquartile range, HIV-1 = human immunodeficiency virus 1, ART = Antiretroviral therapy
  2. *Significant difference