Table 2 Patients with a viral load ≥1000 copies/ml, in Ruhengeri hospital and Musanze health center, in Rwanda, in 2016
From: Viral load detection and management on first line ART in rural Rwanda
Characteristics | VL done in 2016 | Patients with VL ≥ 1000 copies in 2016 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N(%) | Crude OR (95%IC) | P-value | Adjusted OR (95%IC) | P-value | ||
Total | 510 | 59 (11.5) | ||||
Sex | ||||||
Female | 345 | 29 (8.4) | 1- | 1- | ||
Male | 165 | 30 (18.2) | 2.4 (1.4–4.2) | 0.001 | 2.1 (1.1–4.0) | 0.02 |
Age group | 0.07 | |||||
30–49 | 304 | 30 (9.9) | 1- | – | ||
15–29 | 109 | 12 (11.0) | 1.1 (0.5–2.3) | 0.7 | ||
50 et Plus | 55 | 7 (12.7) | 1.3 (0.5–3.2) | 0.5 | ||
0–14 | 42 | 10 (23.8) | 2.8 (1.3–6.4) | 0.01 | ||
Health facility | ||||||
Hospital | 240 | 29 (12.1) | 1- | – | ||
Health center | 270 | 30 (11.1) | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 0.7 | ||
Area of residence | 0.9 | |||||
< 5 km | 348 | 41 (11.8) | 1- | – | ||
5-10 km | 148 | 16 (10.8) | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) | 0.8 | ||
> 10 km | 14 | 2 (14.3) | 1.2 (0.2–5.8) | 0.8 | ||
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 292 | 30 (10.3) | 1- | – | ||
Not married | 218 | 29 (13.3) | 1.3 (0.8–2.3) | 0.3 | ||
Current occupation | 0.01 | |||||
Farmer | 311 | 30 (9.6) | 1- | 1- | ||
Public/private servant | 133 | 15 (11.3) | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 0.6 | 1.1 (0.5–2.3) | 0.8 |
Unemployed | 59 | 11 (18.6) | 2.1 (1.0–4.5) | 0.05 | 1.3 (0.5–3.1) | 0.5 |
Sex worker | 7 | 3 (42.9) | 7.0 (1.5–32.8) | 0.01 | 6.4 (1.1–36.0) | 0.03 |
Mode of enrollment | 0.3 | |||||
VCT | 262 | 33 (12.6) | 1- | – | ||
PIT | 85 | 13 (15.3) | 1.2 (0.6–2.5) | 0.5 | ||
PMTCT | 100 | 7 (7.0) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.1 | ||
Transferred In | 63 | 6 (9.5) | 0.7 (03–1.8) | 0.5 | ||
WHO Clinical stage | < 0.001 | |||||
1 | 264 | 25 (9.5) | 1- | 1- | ||
2 | 99 | 18 (18.2) | 2.1 (1.1–4.1) | 0.02 | 1.7 (0.8–3.6) | 0.07 |
3 | 138 | 11 (8.0) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 0.6 | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) | 0.49 |
4 | 9 | 5 (55.6) | 11.9 (3.0–47.3) | < 0.001 | 8.8 (1.8–43.0) | 0.007 |
CD4 count | 0.002 | |||||
500 et Plus | 158 | 10 (6.3) | 1- | |||
200–500 | 292 | 35 (12.0) | 2.0 (0.97–4.2) | 0.06 | ||
0–199 | 60 | 14 (23.3) | 4.5 (1.9–10.8) | 0.001 | ||
Initial ART regimen | ||||||
TDF + 3TC + EFV | 443 | 49 (11.1) | 1- | – | ||
Other regimen | 67 | 10 (14.9) | 1.4 (0.7–2.9) | 0.4 | ||
Previous VL test | < 0.001 | |||||
< 20 copies/ml | 343 | 19 (5.5) | 1- | 1- | ||
20–1000 copies/ml | 49 | 7 (14.3) | 2.8 (1.1–7.1) | 0.03 | 2.4 (0.9–6.3) | 0.07 |
> 1000 copies/ml | 75 | 25 (33.3) | 8.5 (4.4–16.6) | 0.000 | 7.2 (3.5–14.5) | < 0.001 |
No previous VL test | 43 | 8 (18.6) | 3.9 (1.6–9.5) | 0.002 | 3.1 (1.2–8.1) | 0.02 |