Association of HIV-infection, antiretroviral treatment and metabolic syndrome with large artery stiffness: a cross-sectional study

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 1 Patient characteristics with and without metabolic syndrome

	No Metabolic Syndrome			Metabolic Syndrome
	(N = 113)			(N = 38)
Variable	Controls (n = 39)	HIV-1 untreated (n = 32)	HIV-1 cART (n = 42)	Controls (n = 10)	HIV-1 untreated (n = 16)	HIV-1 cART (n = 12)
Age, year	45 ± 3	44 ± 6	46 ± 5	45 ± 4	47 ± 5	47 ± 4
Men, %	69	28	29	50	13	25
Body mass, kg	67.8 ± 11.8	64.7 ± 9.7	58.5 ± 11.5^a	81.1 ± 10.6^c	71.2 ± 12.7^c	75.0 ± 15.6^c
BMI, kg/m²	24.8 ± 4.2	24.3 ± 3.9	22.5 ± 4.1^a	30.4 ± 4.6^c	26.7 ± 3.2^c	28.9 ± 4.1^c
Body fat, %	32 ± 9	35 ± 7	33 ± 8	38 ± 5^c	40 ± 4^c	40 ± 4^c
Waist circumference, cm	85 ± 10	81 ± 7	81 ± 11	95 ± 8^c	92 ± 9^c	98 ± 6^c
Systolic BP, mmHg	124 ± 12	126 ± 9	120 ± 11	135 ± 7^c	135 ± 13^c	131 ± 18^c
Diastolic BP, mmHg	74 ± 7	76 ± 5	74 ± 8	79 ± 3^c	79 ± 6	79 ± 6^c
LDL-cholesterol, mmol/l	2.9 ± 0.9	2.5 ± 0.8	2.7 ± 1.0	3.1 ± 0.7	2.8 ± 1.1	3.2 ± 0.9
HDL-cholesterol, mmol/l	1.2 ± 0.4	1.1 ± 0.5	1.4 ± 0.6^b	1.0 ± 0.6	0.8 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.3
Triglycerides, mmol/l	1.1 ± 0.7	1.0 ± 0.4	1.4 ± 1.1	2.3 ± 1.5^c	1.3 ± 0.6	2.0 ± 1.2
Glucose, mmol/l	4.7 ± 0.6	4.5 ± 0.7	4.8 ± 0.6	5.0 ± 0.7	4.8 ± 0.9	4.7 ± 0.7
CD4 at enrollment, cells/μL	–	665 ± 142	289 ± 46^b	–	666 ± 120	302 ± 41^b
CD4 (most recent), cells/μL	–	493 ± 250^d	494 ± 229^d	–	430 ± 255^d	480 ± 189^d
Months of HIV-1 infection, median	–	21.5	29.3^b	–	20.6	39.8^b
Months cART, median	–	–	24.0	–	–	30.9

Values are means ± SD unless otherwise noted. BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, cART combined antiretroviral therapy, ^aP < 0.05 vs. within-group controls, ^bP < 0.05 vs. within-group HIV-1 untreated patients, ^cP < 0.05 vs. corresponding group without metabolic syndrome, ^d P < 0.01 vs. within-group CD4 at enrollment