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Table 2 Demographic features and risk factors for clustering using 24-locus typing for cases notified in the West Midlands, by the retrospective method of clustering

From: Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in an ethnically-diverse high incidence region in England, 2007–11

 

All cases, 09–11

Clustered cases

  
 

N

Col %

N

%

OR (95% CI)

P

aOR (95% CI)

p

Sex

 Male

744

56

267

35.9

1

 

1

 

 Female

585

44

185

31.6

0.8 (0.7,1)

0.1

0.8 (0.6,1)

0.03

Total

1329

100

452

34

    

Age group (years)

 0–14

30

2.3

15

50

1

 

1

 

 15–44

830

62.5

313

37.7

0.6 (0.3,1.3)

0.18

0.8 (0.4,1.7)

0.51

 45–64

263

19.8

75

28.5

0.4 (0.2,0.9)

0.02

0.4 (0.2,0.9)

0.04

 65 and over

206

15.5

49

23.8

0.3 (0.1,0.7)

< 0.01

0.3 (0.1,0.7)

0.01

Total

1329

100

452

34

    

Birthplace

 UK

401

31.5

214

53.4

1

 

1

 

 Europe

37

2.9

10

27

0.3 (0.2,0.7)

< 0.01

0.3 (0.1,0.7)

< 0.01

 East Mediterranean

16

1.3

4

25

0.3 (0.1,0.9)

0.04

0.2 (0.1,0.8)

0.02

 Africa

221

17.3

54

24.4

0.3 (0.2,0.4)

< 0.01

0.3 (0.2,0.4)

< 0.01

 Americas

14

1.1

5

35.7

0.5 (0.2,1.5)

0.2

0.7 (0.2,2.3)

0.59

 South Asia

554

43.5

145

26.2

0.3 (0.2,0.4)

< 0.01

0.4 (0.3,0.5)

< 0.01

 East/Southeast Asia

32

2.5

5

15.6

0.2 (0.1,0.4)

< 0.01

0.2 (0.1,0.4)

< 0.01

Total

1275

100

437

34.3

    

Ethnicity

 White

220

17.2

88

40

1

   

 Black-Caribbean

37

2.9

20

54.1

1.8 (0.9,3.6)

0.11

 Black-African

213

16.7

58

27.2

0.6 (0.4,0.8)

< 0.01

 Black-Other

8

0.6

5

62.5

2.5 (0.6,10.7)

0.22

 South Asian

703

55.1

241

34.3

0.8 (0.6,1.1)

0.12

 Chinese

10

0.8

1

10

0.2 (0,1.3)

0.09

 Mixed/Other

86

6.7

28

32.6

0.7 (0.4,1.2)

0.23

Total

1277

100

441

34.5

    

Time since entry to UK to tuberculosis diagnosis (years)*

 

 0–1

147

18

32

21.8

1

   

 2–4

176

21.5

39

22.2

1 (0.6,1.7)

0.93

 5–9

206

25.2

53

25.7

1.2 (0.8,2.1)

0.39

 10 and over

288

35.3

83

28.8

1.5 (0.9,2.3)

0.12

Total

817

100

207

25.3

    

Disease site

 Pulmonary

889

67

337

37.9

1

 

1

 

 Extra-pulmonary

438

33

115

26.3

0.6 (0.5,0.8)

< 0.01

0.6 (0.5,0.8)

< 0.01

Total

1327

100

452

34.1

    

Drug sensitivity

 Resistant to at least one drug

74

5.6

11

14.9

1

 

1

 

 Sensitive

1244

94.4

440

35.4

3.1 (1.6,6)

< 0.01

2.5 (1.3,5)

< 0.01

Total

1318

100

451

34.2

    

Previous diagnosis

 No

1008

85.2

342

33.9

1

   

 Yes

175

14.8

70

40

1.3 (0.9,1.8)

0.12

Total

1183

100

412

34.8

    

History of or current problem drug use**

 No

969

95.8

321

33.1

1

   

 Yes

42

4.2

33

78.6

7.4 (3.5,15.7)

< 0.01

Total

1011

100

354

35

    

History of or current problem alcohol use**

 No

948

96.5

322

34

1

   

 Yes

34

3.5

23

67.7

4.1 (2,8.4)

< 0.01

Total

982

100

345

35.1

    

History of or current homelessness**

 No

985

96.8

342

34.7

1

   

 Yes

33

3.2

16

48.5

1.8 (0.9,3.5)

0.11

Total

1018

100

358

35.2

    

History of or currently in prison**

 No

932

95.9

316

33.9

1

   

 Yes

40

4.1

28

70

4.5 (2.3,9.1)

< 0.01

Total

972

100

344

35.4

    
  1. *Foreign-born only
  2. **Missing for the cases notified in 2007 and 2008, and for half of those notified in 2009