Table 5 Associations of the serotype with the signs and symptoms of HFMD (n = 576 cases, missing 36 cases)
| Signs and symptoms |
Coxsackievirus n (%) |
Enterovirus A71 n (%) |
Other human enterovirus n (%) |
Nonhuman enterovirus n (%) | χ2 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rash on palms and soles | Yes | 36 (94.7) | 114 (81.4) | 52 (83.9) | 288 (85.7) | 4.437 | 0.218 |
| No | 2 (5.3) | 26 (18.6) | 10 (16.1) | 48 (14.3) | |||
| Rash on buttocks, knee and elbow | Yes | 14 (36.8) | 20 (14.3) | 26 (41.9) | 106 (31.6) | 22.026 | < 0.001* |
| No | 24 (63.2) | 120 (85.7) | 36 (58.1) | 230 (68.4) | |||
| Fever | Yes | 24 (63.2) | 76 (54.3) | 56 (90.3) | 214 (63.7) | 24.462 | < 0.001* |
| No | 14 (36.8) | 64 (45.7) | 6 (9.67 | 122 (36.3) | |||
| Sore throat or mouth ulcer | Yes | 36 (94.7) | 130 (92.9) | 54 (87.1) | 274 (81.6) | 13.258 | 0.004* |
| No | 2 (5.3) | 10 (7.1) | 8 (12.9) | 62 (18.4) | |||
| Weakness | Yes | 10 (26.3) | 14 (10.0) | 8 (12.9) | 58 (17.3) | 7.686 | 0.053 |
| No | 28 (73.7) | 126 (90.0) | 54 (87.1) | 278 (82.7) | |||
| Anorexia | Yes | 20 (52.6) | 58 (41.4) | 20 (32.3) | 130 (38.7) | 4.408 | 0.221 |
| No | 18 (47.4) | 82 (58.6) | 42 (67.7) | 206 (61.3) | |||
| Diarrhea | Yes | 2 (5.3) | 6 (4.3) | 2 (3.2) | 32 (9.5) | 5.452 | 0.129a |
| No | 36 (94.7) | 134 (95.7) | 60 (96.8) | 304 (90.5) | |||
| Lethargy | Yes | 10 (26.3) | 10 (7.1) | 8 (12.9) | 30 (8.9) | 13.433 | 0.004* |
| No | 28 (73.7) | 130 (92.9) | 54 (87.1) | 306 (91.1) | |||
| Malaise | Yes | 6 (15.8) | 4 (2.9) | 6 (9.7) | 6 (1.8) | 18.967 | < 0.001*,a |
| No | 32 (84.2) | 136 (97.1) | 56 (90.3) | 330 (98.2) | |||
| Vomiting | Yes | 4 (10.5) | 4 (2.9) | 4 (6.5) | 24 (7.1) | 4.855 | 0.168a |
| No | 34 (89.5) | 136 (97.1) | 58 (93.5) | 312 (92.9) | |||