Fig. 2

Systemic immunological differences observed between women with (schisto+) and without schistosomiasis (schisto-). a. Plasma IL-10 levels; b. Plasma TNF levels; c and d. Correlations between eosinophil counts and IL-10 (c) and TNF (d). e. Eosinophil counts, where red dotted line depicts the conventional threshold of eosinophilia (450 cells per μl of whole blood). Multiplex ELISA assays were conducted by a technologist blinded to schistosomiasis status on plasma samples available for 39 women (15 positive and 24 negative for schistosomiasis). Cytokine levels and eosinophil counts were compared by Mann-Whitney test (p = 0.05); plots depict medians and interquartile ranges. Correlations were assessed on LOG-transformed values by Spearman test (p = 0.05)