Table 3 Crude and adjusted ORs for the Association Between Patient’s Characteristics and the Risk of Disseminated Histoplasmosis (DH) among all Patients Recorded in Selected Studies
From: Acute histoplasmosis in immunocompetent travelers: a systematic review of literature
Covariate a | DH (%) Present | non-DH Absent | Crude OR | Adjusted OR b (95% CI) b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56/573 (9.7) | 517/573 (90.2) | |||
Age | 29 (22–31) | 31 (23–45) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) |
Male | 68.7% | 63.4% | 1.16 (0.66–2.14) | 1.13 (0.37–3.43) |
Continent of destination, N (%) | ||||
USA-Canada | 3.8% | 22.5% | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] |
Central America | 58.5% | 26.9% | 13.01 (3.82–81.43) | 1.28 (0.21–7.67) |
South America | 30.2% | 27.1% | 6.66 (1.84–42.72) | 1.61 (0.27–9.57) |
Africa | 5.7% | 18.0% | 1.87 (0.30–14.45) | 2.38 (0.28–20.71) |
Others c | 1.9% | 5.5% | 2.05 (0.09–22.18) | 0.33 (0.02–4.74) |
Activity d, N (%) | ||||
Caves/Bat guano | 64.2% | 60.5% | 1.18 (0.66–2.11) | 34.20 (5.29–220.93) |
Outdoor activities | 42.8% | 33.7% | 1.48 (0.84–2.57) | 4.61 (1.09–19.56) |
Bird_chickens | 10.7% | 19.1% | 0.50 (0.19–1.13) | 7.19 (0.84–61.57) |
Inhalation_soil | 37.5% | 16.0% | 3.13 (1.72–5.62) | 2.78 (0.94–8.29) |