From: Epidemiology of hepatitis B, C and D in Malawi: systematic review
Population | Ref | Year | Location | Laboratory method | Prevalence (n/total) | Prevalence (%), (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General Populations | ||||||
 Pregnant women | [20] | 1989–1994 | QECH, Blantyre | MONOLISA HBsAg ULTRA (Biorad) | 0/70 | 0.0 (0.0, 5.2) |
 Pregnant women, at delivery | [18] | 1993–1995 | Shire Valley | Bioelisa HBsAg (Biokit, S.A.) | 12/100 | 12.0 (7.0, 19.8) |
 Pregnant women | [20] | 2004–2008 | QECH, Health Centres Blantyre | MONOLISA HBsAg ULTRA (Biorad) | 16/134 | 11.9 (7.5, 18.5) |
 Male workers at sugar estate | [17] | 1998 | Nchalo | Auszyme monoclonal EIA (Abbott) | 40/280 | 14.3 (10.7, 18.9) |
 Community, rural adults | [20] | 2001 | Mwanza District | MONOLISA HBsAg ULTRA (Biorad) | 7/98 | 7.1 (3.5, 14.0) |
 Non-pregnant women (intravaginal MTZ gel RCT) | [20] | 2003–2005 | QECH, Blantyre | MONOLISA HBsAg ULTRA (Biorad) | 8/137 | 5.8 (3.0, 11.1) |
 HIV-negative partners in a serodiscordant couple | [19] | 2007–2010 | Blantyre Lilongwe | HBsAg ELISA NS | 26/433 | 6.0 (4.1, 8.7) |
 Blood donors | [21] | 2001 | Ntechu | HBsAg ELISA NS | 13/159 | 8.2 (4.8, 13.5) |
HIV-positive populations | ||||||
 HIV-positive pregnant women, at delivery | [18] | 1993–1995 | Shire Valley | Bioelisa HBsAg (Biokit, S.A.) | 8/50 | 16.0 (8.3, 28.5) |
 HIV-positive pregnant women | [20] | 2000–2004 | QECH, Blantyre | MONOLISA HBsAg ULTRA (Biorad) | 6/156 | 3.8 (1.8, 8.1) |
 HIV-positive pregnant women | [22] | 2004–2009 | Lilongwe | Vitros Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics) | 103/2049 | 5.0 (4.2, 6.1) |
 HIV-positive pregnant women | [23] | 2008–2009 | Blantyre | Murex HBsAg Version 3 with Confirmatory Assay (Murex Biotech) | 27/309 | 8.7 (6.1, 12.4) |
 HIV positive: male workers at sugar estate | [17] | 1998 | Nchalo | Auszyme monoclonal EIA (Abbott) | 32/189 | 16.9 (12.3, 22.9) |
 HIV-positive adults | [24] | 2005 | QECH, Blantyre | Bioelisa HBsAg (Biokit, S.A.) | 20/300 | 6.7 (4.4, 10.1) |
 HIV positive adults, ART starters | [25] | 2007–2009 | QECH, Blantyre | Bioelisa HBsAg (Biokit, S.A.) | 133/1117 | 11.9 (10.1, 13.9) |
 HIV-positive adults in sero-discordant couple | [19] | 2007–2010 | Blantyre Lilongwe | HBsAg ELISA NS | 26/432 | 6.0 (4.1, 8.7) |
 HIV-infected children | [26] | 2008–2010 | Lilongwe | Genetic Systems HBsAg 3.0 (Bio-Rad) | 2/91 | 2.2 (0.6, 7.7) |