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Table 3 Linear regression models for factors associated with antifungal use

From: Variability in antifungal utilization among neonatal, pediatric, and adult inpatients in academic medical centers throughout the United States of America

Variable

Univariable

Multivariable

Coefficient (95% CI)

Standard error

p-value

Coefficient (95% CI)

Standard error

p-value

Neonates (R2 adjusted =0.11)a: n = 54 institutions; 100,155 admissions

 ELBW admissions

0.016 (− 0.002 to 0.035)

0.009

0.083

−0.011 (− 0.039 to 0.016)

0.014

0.418

 Total invasive fungal infections

0.442 (0.107 to 0.777)

0.167

0.011

0.375 (−0.185 to 0.935)

0.279

0.185

 Total broad-spectrum antibiotics

0.005 (0.001 to 0.009)

0.002

0.012

0.002 (−0.003 to 0.007)

0.002

0.414

 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center

0.899 (0.275 to 1.52)

0.311

0.006

0.494 (− 0.305 to 1.29)

0.397

0.220

Region (referent group = Northeast)

  

  

 South

0.864 (−0.016 to 1.75)

0.438

0.054

0.278 (−0.743 to 1.30)

0.507

0.587

 Midwest

0.522 (−0.399 to 1.44)

0.458

0.260

0.391 (−0.54 to 1.32)

0.462

0.402

 West

0.006 (−0.999 to 1.01)

0.500

0.991

−0.256 (1.25 to 0.737)

0.493

0.606

Pediatrics (R2 adjusted =0.55): n = 44 institutions; 159,936 admissions

 Medicine service lines admissions

−0.35 (− 0.69 to − 0.01)

0.168

0.044

−0.35 (− 0.658 to-0.045)

0.151

0.026

 Immunosuppressed service lines admissions

2.08 (0.055 to 4.1)

1.00

0.044

1.95 (0.061 to 3.84)

0.932

0.043

 Surgery service lines

−0.573 (−1.27 to 0.12)

0.345

0.104

−1.05 (−1.75 to − 0.345)

0.347

0.005

 Total invasive fungal infections

10.1 (−3.54 to 23.7)

6.76

0.142

1.75 (−8.62 to 12.1)

5.11

0.733

Total broad-spectrum antibiotic use

0.327 (0.135 to 0.521)

0.095

0.001

0.41 (0.254 to 0.572)

0.075

< 0.001

Region (referent group = Northeast)

  

  

 South

21.2 (−32 to 75)

26.6

0.430

−11.9 (−53.9 to 30)

20.6

0.568

 Midwest

47.2 (−9.1 to 103)

27.8

0.099

23.7 (−19.3 to 66.7)

21.1

0.279

 West

34.8 (−27 to 97)

30.7

0.264

42.6 (−2.27 to 87.5)

22.1

0.062

Adults (R2 adjusted =0.79): n = 60 institutions; 1,841,667 admissions

 Medicine service lines admissions

−1.255 (−1.8 -to −0.70)

0.27

< 0.001

−0.311 (−0.724 to 0.102)

0.21

0.137

 Immunosuppressed service lines admissions

8.03 (8.03 to 9.61)

0.79

< 0.001

5.08 (3.56 to 6.6)

0.76

< 0.001

 Total invasive fungal infections

12.4 (9.65 to 15.2)

1.34

< 0.001

5.17 (1.82 to 8.52)

1.7

0.003

 Total broad-spectrum antibiotics

0.345 (0.167 to 0.523)

0.89

< 0.001

0.137 (0.032 to 0.242)

0.05

0.011

 Extensiveb ASP (referent = not extensive ASP)

21.4 (−0.263 to 43)

10.8

0.053

2.75 (−8.14 to 13.6)

5.4

0.614

Region (referent group = Northeast)

  

  

 South

9.12 (−21.4 to 39.7)

15.3

0.552

−9.65 (− 24 to 5.4)

7.5

0.204

 Midwest

12.2 (−18.3 to 42.8)

15.3

0.425

2.25 (−12.8 to 17.3)

7.5

0.764

 West

33.9 (1.38 to 66.5)

16.2

0.041

4.84 (−12 to 22)

5.4

0.569

  1. ELBW extremely low birthweight < 1000 g, ASP antimicrobial stewardship program
  2. Data normalized as admissions/1000 patient admissions or days of therapy/1000 patient days when appropriate
  3. Table only includes variables with p < 0.25 on univariable analysis
  4. a log days of therapy/1000 patient days was utilized
  5. b Defined for adult group as performing ASP half of the time or more in 5 main service lines (medical intensive care unit (ICU), surgical ICU, surgical units, non-ICU medical floors, and oncology). For pediatric and neonatal groups, any response of an institution performing pediatric or neonatal ASP half the time or more was considered extensive ASP activities
  6. Bolded p-values were statistically significant