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Table 2 WHO hospital indicators at the selected primary health care centers

From: Antimicrobial use by WHO methodology at primary health care centers: a cross sectional study in Punjab, Pakistan

Sr. No.

Indicator

RHCsg(n = 16)

BHUs h(n = 16)

All PHCCsi(n = 32)

p-value

1

Existence of DTCb, %

100

100

100

-------a

2

Availability of STGsc for infectious diseases, %

0.0

0.0

0.0

-------a

3

Availability of FL/EMLd, %

100

100

100

-------a

4

Number of AMs on the FL/EML

15

15

15

-------a

5

Medicines identified by INNe, %

100

100

100

-------a

6

Key AMs in stock, %

73.8 (60–100)

47.9 (33.3–73.3)

60.8 (33.3–100)

< 0.001

7

No. of days/month that a set of key AMs is out of stock, mean (range)

7.4 (3.1–9.7)

15.4 (8.7–19.2)

12.1 (3.1–19.2)

< 0.001

8

Total number of patients discharged per PHCC during the last calendar year

1056 (783–1371)

413 (309–591)

756 (309–1371)

< 0.001

9

Surgeries performed during the last calendar year

Major = 47.5 (29–93)

Major = 17.5 (11–33)

Major = 29.5 (11–93)

< 0.001

Minor = 219 (165–303)

Minor = 134.5 (104–207)

Minor = 189 (104–303)

10

Expenditure on AMsf per total PHCC medicine costs, %

23.2 (17.1–29.5)

31.3 (21.4–39.0)

26.2 (17.1–39.0)

< 0.001

  1. aMann-Whitney U Test was not applied for these indicators as there was no variation in their values, bDrug and therapeutic committee; cStandard treatment guidelines; dFormulary list/essential medicines list; eInternational non-proprietary names; fAnnual bulk purchase data only; gRural health centers; hBasic health units; iPrimary health care centers