Skip to main content

Table 3 Univariate and Multivariable Analyses of Risk Factors for Recurrence

From: Appropriate duration of post-surgical intravenous antibiotic therapy for pyogenic spondylodiscitis

Risk factors

No Recurrence (n = 76)

Recurrence (n = 26)

Univariate Analysis

Multivariable Analysis

OR (95% CI)

p value

aOR (95% CI)

p value

Age, y, mean

64

60

1.03 (0.99–1.07)

0.12

  

Male sex

46

19

1.77 (0.66–4.72)

0.25

  

Underlying illness

 Alcoholism

4

2

1.50 (0.26–8.71)

0.64

  

 Diabetes mellitus

20

13

2.80 (1.11–7.05)

0.03

  

 Liver cirrhosis

14

2

0.37 (0.08–1.75)

0.35

  

 End-stage renal disease

11

8

2.63 (0.92–7.50)

0.08

  

 Intravenous drug abuser

2

0

Not calculated

   

 Malignancy

5

3

1.85 (0.41–8.36)

0.42

  

Clinical data

 Time to surgery, d, mean

39

51

1.01 (0.99–1.02)

0.16

  

 Back pain

71

24

0.99 (0.97–1.03)

0.55

  

 Fever

27

7

0.67 (0.25–1.79)

0.48

  

 Neurologic deficit

17

6

1.03 (0.95–1.07)

0.39

  

 Concurrent metastatic infection

21

11

1.93 (0.76–4.85)

0.22

  

Laboratory data (UNL)

 Abnormal WBC (11,500 cells/mL)

25

11

1.50 (0.60–3.73)

0.48

  

 Abnormal ESR (30 mm/h)

76

26

Not calculated

   

 Abnormal CRP (5 mg/L)

76

26

Not calculated

   

 Positive blood culture

18

14

3.76 (1.48–9.58)

0.004

2.97 (1.13–7.91)

0.03

 Positive tissue culture

55

22

2.74 (0.93–8.05)

0.21

  

 MRSA infection

14

11

3.25 (1.23–8.57)

0.02

  

 MSSA infection

15

1

0.16 (0.02–1.30)

0.06

  

Radiographic finding

 Cervical spine infection

3

0

Not calculated

   

 Thoracic spine infection

14

4

0.81 (0.24–2.71)

> 0.99

  

 Lumbosacral spine infection

61

22

1.35 (0.41–4.52)

0.77

  

 More than 2 levels

15

5

0.97 (0.31–2.99)

> 0.99

  

 Epidural abscess

23

15

2.30 (0.93–5.73)

0.09

  

 Paraspinal abscess

11

11

4.33 (1.58–11.86)

0.003

3.36 (1.17–9.63)

0.02

Treatment data

 Anterior surgery

22

7

0.90 (0.33–2.45)

> 0.99

  

 Posterior surgery

30

12

1.31 (0.54–3.23)

0.65

  

 A + P surgery

24

7

0.80 (0.30–2.15)

0.81

  

 Instrumentation

39

9

0.50 (0.20–1.27)

0.18

  

 Duration of pre-op antibiotics, d

10.2

8.4

1.00 (0.96–1.03)

0.84

  
  1. Abbreviations: OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, aOR adjusted odds ratio, UNL upper normal limit, WBC white blood cells, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP C-reactive protein, MSSA methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus