From: Impact of microbial Aetiology on mortality in severe community-acquired pneumonia
Characteristics | All patients (n = 117) | Survivors (n = 101) | Non-survivors (n = 16) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
 Age, years | 62.5 ± 16.1 | 61.6 ± 16.5 | 68.5 ± 11.7 | 0.11 |
 Male | 73 (62.4) | 62 (61.4) | 11 (68.8) | 0.78 |
Comorbid illness | ||||
 Diabetes Mellitus | 36 (30.8) | 31 (30.7) | 5 (31.3) | 0.96 |
 Hypertension | 67 (57.3) | 58 (57.4) | 9 (56.3) | 0.93 |
 Cardiac disease | 26 (22.2) | 20 (19.8) | 6 (37.5) | 0.11 |
 Chronic lung disease | 23 (19.7) | 22 (21.8) | 1 (6.3) | 0.19 |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 14 (12.0) | 11 (10.9) | 3 (18.8) | 0.41 |
 Chronic liver disease | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.06) | 0.14 |
 End-stage renal failure | 5 (4.3) | 3 (3.0) | 2 (12.5) | 0.14 |
Symptoms | ||||
 Fever | 71 (60.7) | 63 (62.4) | 8 (50) | 0.35 |
 Cough | 97 (82.9) | 84 (83.2) | 13(81.3) | 0.85 |
 Purulent Sputum | 63 (53.9) | 57 (56.5) | 6 (37.5) | 0.16 |
 Dypsnea | 82 (70.1) | 70 (69.3) | 12 (75.0) | 0.65 |
Radiological features | ||||
 Localised lung infiltrates | 35 (29.9) | 30 (29.7) | 5 (31.2) | 0.90 |
 Multi-lobar lung infiltrates | 82 (70.1) | 71 (70.3) | 11 (68.8) | 0.90 |
 Pleural effusion | 15 (12.8) | 12 (11.9) | 3 (18.8) | 0.43 |
Laboratory Indices | ||||
 Serum C- reactive proteina (mg/L) | 157.2 ± 114.8 | 157.9 ± 118.3 | 152.9 ± 93.9 | 0.87 |
 Serum procalcitoninb (ug/L) | 19.8 ± 34.6 | 17.0 ± 32.3 | 38.4 ± 44.5 | 0.025 |
Microbiological factors | ||||
 Number of co-existent pathogens | ||||
  -0 | 33 (28.2) | 30 (29.7) | 3 (18.8) | 0.010 |
  -1 | 64 (54.7) | 58 (57.4) | 6 (37.5) |  |
  -2 or more | 20 (17.1) | 13 (12.9) | 7 (43.8) |  |
 Microbial aetiologies | ||||
  - No identified pathogen | 33 (28.2) | 30 (29.7) | 3 (18.8) | 0.008 |
  - Only bacterial pathogens present | 27 (23.1) | 26 (25.7) | 1 (6.3) |  |
  - Only viral pathogens present | 32 (27.4) | 27 (26.7) | 5 (31.3) |  |
  - Mixed viral-bacterial infection | 18 (15.4) | 11 (10.9) | 7 (43.8) |  |
  - Atypical pathogens | 7 (6.0) | 7 (6.9) | 0 (0) |  |
  Appropriate empirical antibiotics | 108 (92.3) | 94 (93.1) | 14 (87.5) | 0.44 |
 Severity indicators | ||||
  APACHE II | 22.1 ± 9.4 | 20.8 ± 8.6 | 30.1 ± 10.3 | < 0.001 |
  Shock | 69 (56.0) | 54 (53.5) | 15 (93.8) | 0.002 |
  Altered mentation | 22 (18.8) | 16 (15.8) | 6 (37.5) | 0.039 |
 Ventilatory support | ||||
  -Invasive | 108 (92.3) | 92 (91.1) | 16 (100.0) | 0.46 |
  -Non-invasive | 3 (2.6) | 3 (3.0) | 0 (0) |  |
  -Supplemental oxygen | 6 (5.1) | 6 (5.9) | 0 (0) |  |